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Item type:Publication, Growth, innovation, and policy for chicken in Latin America 1961–2019(Wiley, 2022-03-24)Summary Motivation Latin America has witnessed massive increases in production and consumption of chicken meat over the last 60 years and well beyond its share of the developing world's population. Chicken is now a major source of livestock protein in regional diets; leads livestock production in 25 out of the region's 33 countries; production, slaughtering, and sales provide millions of jobs. Purpose To analyse growth rates for chicken meat in Latin America, why they have differed, how the role of innovation and development policies contributed to bringing about this growth, in turn leading to the patterns of governance of these activities today. Methods and approach This study used a modified value chain framework along with FAO statistics, national data, published and unpublished studies to analyse macro‐level developments and their linkages to shifts in the organization of activities in the value chain for chicken from pre‐production through to consumption and trade from past to present. Findings Different natural resource endowments, demographics, and dietary preferences combined with frequent innovations and an array of policy measures led to a spectacular surge in output and productivity, lower costs, and facilitated a steady rise in consumption. As part of that growth, these activities became increasingly concentrated in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru and within those countries in a few very large firms. Their operations expanded in the value chain beyond the farm gate, across the region, and in some cases around the world. Policy implications This paper has implications for greater transparency in grower contracts, better working conditions for slaughterhouse workers and bird catchers, more environmentally and bird‐friendly chicken production, accelerated adoption of practices as per Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems in the value chain for broilers in Latin America and the Caribbean, and improved enforcement of laws and regulations governing the technical and financial operations of value chains for chicken, along with renewed collaboration among government authorities to that effect. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Las cadenas como medio de vida(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-10)In a context of greater financing for conservation projects with a focus on territorial market development in the Peruvian Amazon, this research seeks to understand how the livelihoods of indigenous women producers can configure the dynamics of value chains through their trajectories. Therefore, the present study is based on the experience of the community of Shampuyacu, where the NGO Conservation International intervenes through agreements and conservation projects. Specifically, the case of the Bosque de las Nuwas Association and its tourism and infusion value chain initiatives will be analyzed. To analyze this case, we describe the dynamics of the chain, characterize the configuration of women’s livelihoods, and analyze how the association of women’s different assets and the trajectories they have in the value chain is interrelated to its dynamics. The qualitative and exploratory study finds that women’s trajectories differ by virtue of their social assets, mediated by ethnicity and relations between clans, the generalized context of gender violence, and support systems for care. Regarding human assets, the level of education can define the adoption of leadership in the chain or generate exclusion, causing conflicts. Finally, the use of natural assets such as family gardens can be an opportunity to scale up the chain, but the lack of coordination between actors doesn’t make it possible. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Geometallurgy: Present and Future(Mineralogical Society of America, 2023-12-01)Geometallurgy is an interdisciplinary research field concerned with the planning, monitoring, and optimisation of mineral resource extraction and beneficiation. Geometallurgy relies on a quantitative understanding of primary resource characteristics such as mineralogical composition and texture, the spatial distribution and variability of these characteristics, and how they interact with mining and beneficiation processes. Thus, geometallurgy requires accurate analytical data for resource characterisation and detailed models of orebody geology, mining and processing technologies, mineral economics, and the often-complex interactions between them. Here, we introduce the fundamental concepts relevant to the field, with particular emphasis on the current state-of-the-art and some notes on potential future developments.