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Item type:Publication, Mining and urbanization: ways of generating water insecurity in Andean territories(Elsevier, 2021-09-01)Mining has historically facilitated urban growth, and water access in towns and cities has become one of the most prevalent and divisive of the unresolved problems surrounding mining. Urban areas in the vicinity of large-scale mining ventures endure chronic water shortages, and these areas often turn to remote water sources to meet their needs even partially. This article investigates how urbanization processes generated by mining developments have impacted water insecurity in Andean territories. To this end, we conduct a comparative analysis of water provision via two case studies that represent different urbanization models stemming from mining in Andean territories: the concentrated model observed in the Espinar case in Peru and the scattered model witnessed in Jáchal case in Argentina. Drawing on the water security concept, which considers the ways in which water is articulated, we argue that current mining developments generate urbanization processes that, despite the different models, reinforce water insecurity through the dimensions of power, culture, and visions of development. We follow a contextualized comparative case study method. Our analysis of the case studies draws on data collected through ethnographic instruments such as in-depth and semi-structured interviews, as well as public databases. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Plant species richness and sunlight exposure increase pollinator attraction to pollinator gardens(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-12-01)Evidence documenting the decline of insect populations is accumulating. Efforts have increased to mitigate pollinator losses by establishing gardens to support pollinator diversity. However, knowledge of the specific garden characteristics, landscape features, and environmental factors that affect pollinator diversity and abundance is limited, particularly in biodiverse regions in North America. In order to better understand how garden characteristics affect pollinator attraction, we compared pollinator composition across 16 pollinator gardens in the Appalachian ecoregion in North America. We evaluated the effects of garden characteristics (e.g., plant richness, flower abundance, garden size, and proportion of native species), landscape features (land‐use type and distance to forest), and environmental factors (sunlight exposure) on pollinator richness, overall visitation rate, and visitation rate by defined pollinator groups (i.e., solitary native bees, bumblebees, honeybees, lepidopterans, and other insects). Solitary bees (i.e., native bees besides Bombus) were the most frequent visitors (61%). We found differences in pollinator species composition between urban and rural gardens. Moreover, plant richness had a positive effect on pollinator richness and an increase in flower abundance increased the pollinator visitation rate. Flower abundance, plant richness, and high sunlight exposure increased visitation rate of solitary bees. Visitation rate of solitary bees however decreased with increasing proportion of native plants. Overall, our results indicate that garden characteristics, landscape features, and environmental factors all are important mediators of pollinator diversity and abundance. Solitary bees were most affected by garden (i.e., plant richness, number of flowers, and proportion of native plants) and environmental factors (i.e., sunlight exposure). However, we also identified differential effects of garden and environmental factors across pollinator groups. We suggest that an integrated management approach that considers multiple garden and environmental characteristics could help improve the effectiveness of pollinator garden as a conservation tool and help preserve this key ecosystem service. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The effects of human population density on trophic interactions are contingent upon latitude(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-07-01)Aim: Global-scale studies are necessary to draw general conclusions on how trophic interactions vary with urbanization and to explore how the effects of urbanization change along latitudinal gradients. We predict that the intensity of trophic interactions decreases in response to urbanization (quantified by human population density). Since trophic interactions are more intense at lower latitudes, we also expect major impacts of urbanization at higher latitudes, where base levels are essentially lower. Location: Global (881 study sites). Time period: 2000–2021. Major taxa studied: Birds, arthropods and woody plants. Methods: We compiled global data on insect herbivory and bird predation from studies that employed similar methods and fitted generalized linear mixed models to test how these trophic interactions vary with human population density, latitude and their interactions. Results: The intensity of herbivory and predation decreased with an increase in human population density at lower latitudes. Surprisingly, it remained unaffected at intermediate latitudes and even increased at higher latitudes. Main conclusions: The observed patterns may be attributed to local climate changes in urban areas, such as the Urban Heat Island effect, which disrupts thermal stability in the tropics while increasing niche availability at polar latitudes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Residential segregation in two cities in Peru's southern macro-region(Universidad del Bio Bio, 2024-05-01)Studies on residential segregation in Peru have privileged the study of the capital city, to the detriment of cities with other scales and contexts. This article analyzes the residential segregation levels and patterns in two Peruvian cities in the southern macro-region: Arequipa and Tacna. Based on data provided by the 2007 and 2017 censuses, synthetic and spatial segregation indicators were analyzed in both cities, taking as reference the educational level of the head of household and calculating the data on the block, census area, and district scales. The results show that inherited segregation patterns are maintained, while at the same time, the growing middle-class sectors are included in the more consolidated working-class settlements. In addition, processes that reinforce segregation were identified, such as the modification of the role of central areas, urban land production for the upper-class areas, and homogeneity of disadvantages in new areas of urban expansion, which are linked, particularly in the city of Arequipa, to the occupation of risk areas. The study suggests that these processes shape a low-scale urban segregation or fragmentation pattern in both cities, which coexists with inherited patterns. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Effects of Human Population Density on Trophic Interactions Are Contingent Upon Latitude(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2023-08-23)Aim: Studies conducted at a global scale are necessary to make general conclusions on the effect of urbanization on trophic interactions and explore how these effects change along latitudinal gradients. Since biotic interactions are more intense at lower latitudes, we predict that the intensity of trophic interactions will decrease in response to urbanization (quantified by human population density), with higher impacts of urbanization at higher latitudes. Location: Global (881 study sites). Time period: 2000-2021. Major taxa studied: Birds, arthropods and woody plants. Methods: We compiled global data on insect herbivory and bird predation from individual studies using similar methodologies, and fitted generalized linear mixed models to test the effect of human population density, latitude and their interaction on these two response variables. Results: The intensity of herbivory and predation decreased with the increase of human population density at lower latitudes, remained unaffected at intermediate latitudes, and increased at higher latitudes. Main conclusions: The effect of human population density on insect herbivory and bird predation consistently varies across latitudes, with a reversal of the pattern at high versus low latitudes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Urbanización y medioambiente: claves para el debate desde América Latina(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-11-24)In a global context of generalized urbanization, Latin America is characterized by its high rate of urban population, persistent inequality, and vulnerability to climate change. This article offers a panoramic introduction to the relationship between urbanization and environment, emphasizing the importance of expanding and giving greater attention to this agenda within urban studies. The topics discussed do not exhaust the field, but rather suggest possible research pathways. Moreover, the text helps situate the studies included in this issue of the journal.3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, On a journey to citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS)? A political economy analysis of container-based sanitation (CBS) in the fragmented (in)formal city(Routledge, 2025-01-01)Rapidly growing cities face the chronic challenge of access to safe, dignified and accessible sanitation, in contexts of inequality and informality. Technological and operational innovations, such as container-based sanitation (CBS), are promoted as relatively low-cost market-based circular economy off-grid solutions to deliver citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS). However, in the absence of evidence that CBS is delivering on these promises, this paper asks: under what conditions can CBS services contribute to achieving CWIS goals? It applies a combined political economy and socio-technical regime analysis to examine multi-level governance in the sanitation sector and CBS service regimes in Cape Town, Lima, Nairobi and Cap-Haitien. Only Cape Town, a municipality-controlled system, demonstrates the necessary public authority that enables CBS to operate at scale. Yet, it is regarded by many residents in informal settlements as poor sanitation for poor people. This suggests that scaling CBS requires sustained public investment and strong coordinating authority.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La gran minería y su impacto urbano en el siglo XXI: el suelo periurbano como escenario conflictivo en una ciudad intermedia como Cajamarca(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-07-24)During the 20th century, industrial activities linked to the extraction of minerals gave rise to the implementation of settlements or urban neighborhoods as company towns. In the 21st century, mining projects have emerged that focus more on connectivity, which reduces the direct impact on the production of urban spaces. However, its effects on the urban economy can lead to important impacts on urbanization processes. This article analyzes how uncontrolled urban expansion, derived from large-scale mining activity, transforms peri-urban spaces in an intermediate city like Cajamarca: they become scenarios of conflict between rural and urban logic, with changes in land use through notarial means, outside of municipal regulations.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A Latin American perspective on microbiome research(Nature Research, 2025)The human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in human health, adapting and responding to changes in diet, environment, and lifestyle. However, current microbiome research is heavily biased toward high-income countries, leaving regions such as Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) severely underrepresented. This imbalance limits our global understanding of microbial diversity and hinders the development of region-specific health interventions. In this Perspective, we discuss how LAC offers an exceptional opportunity for microbiome studies due to its unique ethnic diversity, rapid urbanization, distinct dietary traditions, and dual burden of infectious and chronic diseases. We highlight key findings from regional microbiome research, emphasizing the high diversity of ancestral microbial communities and the rapid shifts occurring in response to urbanization and globalization. To address existing disparities, we also introduce the Latinbiota Consortium, a collaborative network formed to strengthen local scientific capacity, ensure ethical and equitable research practices, promote data sovereignty, and foster inclusive participation by LAC researchers within global microbiome science. Through strategic investment and international collaboration, Latinbiota aims to preserve microbial diversity and ensure equitable participation in global microbiome science.1