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Water justice and Europe’s Right2Water movement
(Taylor & Francis, 2021-05-06)
In 2013 the European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI) ‘Right2Water’ collected 1.9 million signatures across Europe against water privatization. It became the first ever successful ECI and has built a Europe-wide movement. Right2Water sought for Europe’s legal enforcement of the Human Right to Water and Sanitation (HRWS) as a strategic political tool to challenge European Union market policies. The paper examines the ECI from a social movement perspective. Although the European Commission subscribed that ‘water is a public good, not a commodity’, its implementation is subject to continuing politics and socio-political struggle, with growing urgency in times of the Covid-19 pandemic crisis.
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Social Movements in Defense of Public Water Services: The Case of Spain
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023-01-01)
In several cities and regions in Spain there has been a fight against privatization of water supply in the past decade. Some cities have decided to re-municipalise water supply and debates about implementing the human right to water and sanitation have been held in many parts of Spain, following the success of the Right2Water European Citizens' Initiative. This paper examines how the European “Right2Water” movement influenced struggles for access to and control over water in Spain from a political ecology perspective. It explores how “Right2Water” fuelled the debate on privatization and remunicipalization of water services and what heritage it has left in Spain. We unfold relationships with and between water movements in Spain—like the Red Agua Publica—and relationships with other networks—like the indignados movement and subsequently how water protests converged with austerity protests. In different places these struggles took different shapes. By deploying five case studies (Madrid, Valladolid, Terrassa, Barcelona, and Andalucía), we look at how the human right to water and sanitation framework served as a tool for social and water justice movements. Struggles for water justice in Spain are ongoing and we seek to identify the temporarily outcomes of these struggles, and whether power balances in Spain's water services provision have shifted in the past decade.
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Protestas sociales: democratización social y política contra la re-elitización neoliberal en el Perú
(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2023-12-31)
El artículo sostiene que el discurso golpista de Castillo, su apresamiento sin seguir el debido proceso, el contragolpe del Congreso y la sucesión de Boluarte configuran un nudo de acontecimientos que suscitó multitudinarios movimientos de protesta en el Perú, especialmente en el sur andino. Estas protestas son una respuesta popular al re-elitismo que ha instalado el neoliberalismo en el Estado, capturándolo, y en el sistema político, cuestionando la soberanía popular a través de diversas formas y mecanismos: procesos electorales injustos; inventos de fraude electoral; presión, chantaje y corrupción de los presidentes elegidos por la centro-izquierda para convertirlos en neoliberales; golpes de Estado del Congreso para sustituir a los presidentes elegidos por otros que gobiernen con el programa de los perdedores, y voluntad de captura de los organismos electorales. Sostiene que las protestas constituyen un innegable movimiento de democratización social y política que las élites dominantes y gobernantes estigmatizan de terrorista para reprimirlo con violencia. Finalmente, plantea como hipótesis que el nudo de acontecimientos ha abierto las puertas a una coyuntura crítica del modelo neoliberal.
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Desde la red social Facebook: #NiUnaMenos en Lima 2016
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-11-22)
In its inception, the social network Facebook was created for entertainment purposes. However, in this new digital age, interaction through social networks has become a new means to act. In these, a user can share a post or react to it if they feel it is aligned with their own interests. In this way, the user’s interest or emotions towards a certain cause or event are expressed and they can identify with it. One cause was to combat violence against women from the #NiUnaMenos social movement, in which they organized a massive march in August 2016 in Lima. In this article, it is attempted to find out how the use of Facebook influenced the formation of the aforementioned movement in Lima during 2016. It is proposed that it was done in two ways: as a means for collective mass organization for offline activities and as an instrument to build a discourse seeking to improve a situation through collective action. The methodology of this research is based on a balance of secondary sources that include: theses, magazine articles, books and other documents. Finally, it was found that Facebook provided specific tools for communication such as messaging, groups and a fan page. All of them helped the organization of the social movement #NiUnaMenos and were means by which immediate interaction and overcoming spatial limitations between people with similar interests was feasible, as well as the construction of a discourse around the situation of oppression and inequality that women experience through collective action.
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