3. Producción

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    Entre "lo local y lo externo". El rol del territorio local en la transformación histórica del sistema alimentario de Lima Metropolitana
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-04-19)
    The food system is a relevant component to sustain the cities, that arises from the interrelationship among stakeholders, infraestructures and natural resources, enabling food production, transformation, storage, distribution, commercialization and consumption, as well as food waste reuse. Thus, the system provides enough accessible and harmless food to the locals. In South America, the Pacific hydrographic region has hosted societies that created food systems that evolved from self-sufficient to open to economic chains. This has an impact on the management of production areas in the territory. Since pre-Hispanic times, territory-adapted food systems were developed, which were focused on managing several production areas distributed in a group of basins. Nevertheless, the creation of large cities in this region, such as Metropolitan Lima, have resulted in the relocation of production areas out and away from their territory, which allows to differentiate what is local and what is external. Although the metropolis became a strong economic hub that contributes to the development of global and domestic economic chains; population growth and unplanned urbanization have caused soil degradation and the reduction of arable land (supplied to the real estate market), relegating the local metropolitan territory to food trade and consumption. In consequence, the food system is vulnerable to global or domestic crisis scenarios that could interrupt the external production process. This research analyzes the historical transformation of Lima’s food system to reflect on the local territory’s contribution to food security.
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    Valoración de la sostenibilidad del sistema productivo ganadero de leche en zonas altoandinas de Colombia
    (University of Guadalajara, 2024-01-01)
    The dairy cattle production system (SPGL) in the high areas of Colombia, located in the Ubaté and Chiquinquirá hydrographic basinaround the Fúquene lagoon, is considered one of the best areas to produce dairy products in the country. Many research andinvestment has been carried out in those areas to improve its competitiveness. Under this context, the objective of assessing the level ofsustainability of the SPGL was defined, from the supply and cultural ecosystem services (ES). The mixed approach methodologycollects primary information, validated with groups of experts that characterized the SPGL, and then assesses its sustainability. Thereliability and trustworthiness of the data are based on an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), which refines the variables and thenperforms a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) that exceeds the adjustment levels for this type of research. The results showsignificant direct causality of the SPGL sustainability level from the supply and cultural ES. Concluding, the dairy cattle production systems of the municipalities surrounding the Fúquene lagoon presents serious environmental, social, and productive problems, and only a holistic or novel approach such as the valuation of the in Supply and Cultural Ecosystem Services helps to resolve these problems.