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    Comparison of different intervention options for massive seismic upgrading of essential facilities
    (MDPI, 2020-07-01)
    The seismic retrofitting of essential facilities is a typical problem of public administrations. Due to the large amount of existing and/or historic buildings with a high seismic vulnerability and the limited economic resources, it is necessary to provide efficient solutions for the structural reinforcement of these structures on a national, regional, and urban level. This paper proposes an innovative and multidisciplinary framework to choose massive interventions on a large territorial scale according to the potential benefits of the intervention in terms of reduction in expected economic losses associated with retrofitting intervention and other important aspects usually neglected in intervention strategies. The proposed framework is based on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) analysis. It is applied to a very complex urban area: the case study is the school buildings stock (4458 buildings) in the Lima Metropolitan area, Peru. The goal of the study is arisk analysis aimed at selecting the optimal retrofitting strategy in a huge urban area. The results of this work can be considered the base for decision-makers. They could use them as a decision support tool in the seismic risk mitigation on a large territorial scale.
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    Hydrometeorological data-based methodology for navigability risk analysis at waterways: case study for Magdalena River
    (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2021-09-01)
    The characterization and quantification of risk in port activities are essential to determine the main factors that may cause incidents and to establish risk mitigation strategies to improve the safety and operability of ports. This study presents a novel methodology to analyze the hydrometeorological risk of navigation in fairways and port activities, which is applied to the study case of the 22-km section of the lower Magdalena River, near the port of Barranquilla (Colombia). The methodology is based on probabilistic models of dominant hydrometeorological variables (e.g., water depth, flow velocity, wind magnitude, and wave height) identified via hazard and operative (HAZOP) studies. It allowed for quantifying likelihood and vulnerability levels obtained by empirical functions representing monthly spatio-temporal risk. It can be applied at any stage of fairway design and is highly replicable at other geographical conditions. The results for the study area show that the main risk factors for the reference vessel (i.e., SUPRAMAX) are the wave height and the fairway depth, which on up to 15% of the cases restrict navigation and induce deviations and economic losses to the port authority.