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    Carbon and Water Conservation Value of Independent, Place-Based Repair in Lima, Peru
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-06-01)
    To what extent do repair and maintenance of consumer electronics conserve the materials and energy they embody? In this paper we examine the conservation value of a cluster of independent third-party electronics repair businesses in Lima, Peru. Drawing on a combination of methods that include fieldwork, digital methods for online sociology, and life cycle assessment (LCA) of phones and tablets we quantify the conservation value of typical repairs performed at businesses in this cluster in terms of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) and water consumption relative to new manufactures of the same categories of electronics. We model typical repair scenarios and find that repair can offer substantial conservation benefits. However, these benefits vary by device sub-unit repaired (e.g., replacing a camera vs. replacing a display). For example, while two screen repairs through replacement is nearly equivalent to replacement with a whole new device, repairing with components that are already in the market could save around 10% of total emissions in global warming potential (GWP) for both devices. Further, we discuss the politics of attributing the conservation value achieved by the third-party repair cluster in Lima to either domestic (that is, Peruvian) or foreign CO2e and water consumption. Whose conservation of CO2e and water is this? How do the answers to that question shape understandings of the relevance of location for industrial ecology? Our work contributes to the emerging subfield of political industrial ecology and its incorporation of spatially explicit LCAs.
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    A sustainable hub location-allocation model considering the inspection of defective wagons in the rail freight network
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2025-01-01)
    The increasing demand for rail transport necessitates an effective transportation network design for the shipment of goods with minimum cost and time. Since the breakdown of wagons is a main delay factor in rail transportation, the maintenance and repairs of defective wagons becomes prominent. In this study, main stations are considered as hubs, and hubs are places where defective wagons are collected. For this purpose, a robust multi-objective mathematical model is proposed to minimise transportation costs considering customer demand. Also, the model seeks to minimise the total transportation time and emissions. The AEC method is exploited to solve and validate the proposed model. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate the effect of changing the main parameters on the outcomes. The results show that repairs and maintenance can affect the capacity. Also, the findings demonstrate the applicability and validity of the proposed model in the railway sector. [Submitted: 29 May 2023; Accepted: 16 January 2024]
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