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    Out-of-plane analysis of dry-stone walls using a pseudo-static experimental and numerical approach in scaled-down specimens
    (Elsevier, 2021-10-15)
    The objective of the present work is to study the response of dry stone walls subjected to out-of-plane forces and the influence of block‘s rugosity, joint arrangement, and border conditions. For this purpose, a series of scaled-down experimental tests on a tilting table and 3D numerical modeling using discrete elements, DEM, are proposed. In the numerical model, the applicability of some types of discrete elements is first studied. The preliminary analysis gives us useful information about the effects of the joint disposition and the border conditions in the response. Finally, the sensitivity of the response of the blocks to the parameter's variations is analyzed. The experimental and numerical results show that the DEM method is adequate to simulate the failure mode, the displacement, and the lateral load of stone walls due to out-of-plane lateral loads considering the effect of the irregularity of the blocks, joint arrangement, and border conditions.
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    Analytical and numerical modeling for the assessment of CO2 storage in the Pariñas geological formation - Talara, Peru
    (Elsevier, 2021-09-01)
    This research evaluates the CO2 storage capacity of the Pariñas Formation belonging to the Talara basin in Peru through analytical modeling based on mass balance equations and numerical modeling using IMEX CMG. Pariñas Formation has several depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs that presents favorable conditions for CO2 geological storage. It has an average porosity of 17.6% and a permeability of 640 mD in the horizontal direction consisting of sandstones with interspersed lutites layers. The study evaluates the depleted Bellavista oil deposits involving CO2 storage capacity estimation with CO2 and reservoir fluid (oil and water) interaction. It involves numerical modeling based on the reservoirs properties and CO2 injection simulation not exceeding the fracture pressure of the reservoir rock. This approach is the first one carried out in Peru and provides the chance to evaluate the CO2 storage capacity in a hydrocarbon reservoir in this part of the world, as a strategy to mitigate future global change impacts. The results indicate a storage capacity of 35.37 million tons of CO2, approximately. Besides, the sandstone reservoir of the Pariñas geological formation has adequate characteristics to serve as a CO2 storage reservoir. C30+ pseudo component shows greater sensitivity in its properties (temperature and critical pressure) adjusting the fluid properties with the experimental data (saturation pressure, viscosity and minimum miscibility pressure).
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    Influence of obstacle separation distance on the acceleration of premixed methane/air flames in a closed channel
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025)
    Flame acceleration plays an important role in determining the onset of deflagration-to-det­onation transition (DDT) phenomenon that is relevant to novel pressure-gain propulsion and explosion safety research. Accordingly, this work explores the influence of the separa­tion distance between obstacles (S) inside a 1050 mm closed duct on the acceleration of premixed flames fueled by a stoichiometric methane/air mixture at 40 kPa pressure. The studied duct geometry features a 96 mm x 96 mm square cross section and includes five obstacles along the wall with a 75% blockage ratio, each delineated by side dimensions of 96 mm x 96 mm and square holes of 48 mm x 48 mm. Experimental and direct numerical simulations (DNS) techniques are employed here to investigate the flame acceleration dy­namics under different operating conditions. More specifically, high-speed video captures the dynamics of the flame front evolution from experiments, while DNS are carried out using the PeleC fully compressive Navier Stokes solver, including finite-rate chemistry and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). A comparison between experimental and numerical results for S = 1.0 Dₕ shows reasonable agreement in flame tip velocity and reduced posi­tion, supporting the applicability of a two-dimensional DNS model like the one employed here. In contrast, for S = 1.5 Dₕ the numerical results fail to reproduce the experimentally observed flame structure and acceleration, likely due to missing three-dimensional effects. Numerical simulations for different S values ranging from 0.75 to 1.5 Dₕ reveal that ob­stacle spacing has a strong influence on flame acceleration mechanisms. As S increases indeed, the flame shifts from geometry-constrained jetting to instability-driven propaga­tion involving vortex generation and pressure-wave interactions. The case with S = 1.25 Dₕ yields the highest flame tip velocity, even though the one with S = 1.5 Dₕ exhibits greater vorticity and pressure amplitudes. This is attributed to the reduced flame–vortex coupling coherence in the S = 1.5 Dₕ case, which results in more chaotic flame dynamics and lower flame acceleration efficiency. These results offer new insight into the mechanisms of flame acceleration under confinement and highlight obstacle spacing as a key design parameter for optimizing performance and safety in combustion systems.
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