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    COVID-19 and the metaphor of war: a cognitive analysis in digital newspapers and social networks
    (Academia Peruana de la Lengua, 2021-07-01)
    La prensa y los ciudadanos, así como los políticos y los médicos, en varios países del mundo, han comparado la enfermedad COVID-19 con diversas situaciones cotidianas a través del uso de metáforas conceptuales asociadas a sus experiencias y su entorno. Una situación con la que más ha sido contrastada son las acciones bélicas. Por ello, el propósito de esta investigación es analizar las metáforas que se han creado en relación con la guerra. Este es un estudio mixto, pues propone un análisis cualitativo que interpreta y clasifica los usos metafóricos, y formula un análisis cuantitativo al cuantificar los datos en relación con su empleo y su importancia. Las expresiones metafóricas investigadas proceden de los medios de comunicación y redes sociales peruanas e internacionales. Entre los resultados, se encuentran metáforas como el virus es enemigo y los ciudadanos son soldados, que son empleadas con frecuencia en el discurso. Este trabajo concluye que la comparación responde a la coyuntura pandémica por la que atraviesa el mundo, el cual considera que se enfrenta a una guerra, idea que es reforzada por los medios.
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    Medios de comunicación, poder político y reelección presidencial en el segundo gobierno de Alberto Fujimori
    (CIG Media Group, 2024-06-14)
    En el presente artículo, el autor desarrolla las diversas estrategias de control de los medios de comunicación utilizadas durante el segundo gobierno del expresidente del Perú Alberto Fujimori. Dichas estrategias estuvieron enfocadas en manipular a la opinión pública y, con ello, asegurarse el ejercicio del poder mediante una segunda reelección presidencial. Para ello, se desarrollará el derecho a la libertad de información y su importancia en el mantenimiento del sistema democrático. Posteriormente, se caracterizará al segundo gobierno fujimorista y se situará la importancia de los medios de comunicación en dicho sistema. Finalmente, se presentarán una serie de sucesos acontecidos en las cuales se demuestra el manejo constante que hizo el régimen fujimorista de los medios de comunicación.
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    Stakeholders' perceptions of an ethical crisis caused by employees and its impact on corporate image and reputation
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2025-09-05)
    The objective of this study is to understand and analyze the consequences of an ethical crisis caused by the unethical behavior of employees at a banking company, which demonstrates a lack of commitment and poor alignment with the organization's values. The research examines the perceptions of employees, clients and non-clients regarding the media crisis and the communication response provided by the company to its stakeholders. Finally, the research offers recommendations on how to effectively manage a media crisis. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzed, through 1,182 questionnaires, the perceptions of employees, clients and non-clients regarding the ethical crisis caused by the employees of a bank in Peru regarding the pre-sale of tickets for the Peru vs. Colombia match in the Russia 2018 qualifiers. The study was complemented by in-depth interviews with two key executives of the company. Findings The results showed that stakeholders react differently to the company's response to the crisis caused by employee misconduct. The study reflected that those who felt most affected by the incidents and perceived the crisis to be more serious were employees, as opposed to clients and non-clients. In addition, the results revealed significant differences in stakeholders' perceptions of how the company handled the crisis, with non-clients being the most critical. Research limitations/implications Although the case concerned a single company in Latin America, due to the media nature of the facts, there was diverse and important information that allowed us to analyze the internal part of the company and evaluate the impact of the crisis on the company's image and reputation outside the company, specifically with customers and non-customers. Likewise, the study proposed recommendations and communication strategies to respond to a crisis. Practical implications The research offered a series of recommendations consisting of a set of strategies for companies and their leaders to deal with business crises caused by negative employee behavior. Social implications The study analyzed how an ethical crisis situation can lead to a media crisis, which can damage the brand and the company's reputation. It can also have a social impact, since the marketing strategy with good intentions on the part of the banking company became a negative action at a social level, generating disorder, disbelief and discomfort in a matter of national interest, such as the match between the Peruvian and Colombian national football teams in qualifying for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. Originality/value The research analyzed the relationship between corporate culture and the creation of commitment in employees as a key tool to prevent possible business crises due to lack of trust and integrity of employees; which can prevent a possible crisis in the image and reputation of the company.
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