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    Optimal Taxation and Life Cycle Labor Supply Profile
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2013)
    The optimal capital income tax rate is 36 percent as reported by Conesa, Kitao, and Krueger (2009). This result is mainly driven by the market incompleteness as well as the endogenous labor supply in a life-cycle framework. We show that this model fails to account for the basic life-cycle features of the labor supply observed in the U.S. data. In this paper, we introduce into this model non-linear wages and inter-vivos transfers into this model in order to account for the life-cycle features of labor supply. The former makes hours of work highly persistent and helps to account for labor choices at the extensive margin over the life cycle. The latter allows us to account for labor choices early in life. The suggested model delivers an optimal capital income tax rate of 7.4 percent, which is significantly lower than what Conesa, Kitao, and Krueger (2009) found.
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    Impact of In-kind Social Transfer Programs on the Labor Supply: a Gender Perspective
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2018-12)
    In recent years, Peru has expanded its social programs aimed at combating poverty, with new initiatives including the Cuna Más childcare program and the Qali Warma school meals program. The goal of this paper is to determine whether these social programs have made any impact on the working hours of men and women belonging to the beneficiary households. According to time-allocation approaches and gender-based household roles, a different impact on each of these two groups might be expected. In econometric terms, it is well known that hours worked are the result of a sample selection process that could bias ordinary least square estimations, and even (within-group) fixed effect estimations, which control for unobserved heterogeneity bias but not selection bias. We use Kyriazidou’s (1997) method to estimate a model of determinants of hours worked, and find gender-differentiated impacts; the Qali Warma breakfast program fosters female labor supply among those aged below 25 and above 40, while Cuna Más does so only for those below the age of 25. In the case of men, the Qali Warma breakfast program also seems to increase hours worked (albeit to a lesser extent than for women), while the school lunches version of the same program reduces hours worked, especially for men over the age of 40.
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    Resource Booms and Entrenched Gender Roles in the Andes
    (Wiley, 2025-11-01)
    This paper examines the effects of mining booms on local labor markets in contexts where traditional gender roles limit women's participation. Results show that job creation is primarily driven by increased male employment in mining, with spillovers into construction and local services. Female employment responses are mixed, while some women gain access to these jobs, others shift toward unpaid domestic work. The expansion of mining appears to benefit men and unmarried women, while married women and those with caregiving responsibilities face reduced opportunities. Women are also more affected by heterogeneity in age and education. The findings underscore the role of the care economy and gender dynamics in shaping labor market outcomes during resource booms.
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