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Item type:Publication, Semi-Supervised Segmentation for Mapping Urban Expansion and Hazard Exposure in Lima, Peru(2026-01-22)Abstract. Urban expansion in rapidly growing cities increases exposure to natural hazards but remains difficult to monitor in regions with limited data. This challenge is amplified in places such as Metropolitan Lima, where global datasets of urban areas lack precision along complex and rapidly changing city boundaries. As a result, recent growth in informal and peripheral zones is not well defined. This study introduces a practical application of a semi-supervised mapping approach that combines satellite imagery with partially labeled information and targeted manual refinement to identify new built-up areas in Metropolitan Lima from 2016 to 2025. The method improves the detection of small and fragmented structures, including emerging informal settlements that global datasets frequently miss. Results show that Metropolitan Lima expanded by approximately 76 km2 during the study period. A portion of this growth occurred in coastal zones exposed to tsunamis, in areas with medium to high landslide susceptibility, and on soil types where strong ground shaking is amplified during large earthquakes. These findings highlight the continued concentration of people and infrastructure in hazard-prone terrain. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, On a journey to citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS)? A political economy analysis of container-based sanitation (CBS) in the fragmented (in)formal city(Routledge, 2025-01-01)Rapidly growing cities face the chronic challenge of access to safe, dignified and accessible sanitation, in contexts of inequality and informality. Technological and operational innovations, such as container-based sanitation (CBS), are promoted as relatively low-cost market-based circular economy off-grid solutions to deliver citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS). However, in the absence of evidence that CBS is delivering on these promises, this paper asks: under what conditions can CBS services contribute to achieving CWIS goals? It applies a combined political economy and socio-technical regime analysis to examine multi-level governance in the sanitation sector and CBS service regimes in Cape Town, Lima, Nairobi and Cap-Haitien. Only Cape Town, a municipality-controlled system, demonstrates the necessary public authority that enables CBS to operate at scale. Yet, it is regarded by many residents in informal settlements as poor sanitation for poor people. This suggests that scaling CBS requires sustained public investment and strong coordinating authority.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Improving habitability in informal settlements in the Global South: Exploring the impact of community urban green infrastructure on outdoor heat stress(Elsevier Ltd, 2026-01-01)Over 1 billion people currently live in informal settlements, which have become the predominant form of urbanisation, especially in the Global South. They are characterised by dense housing with inadequate access to infrastructure and services. Due to fragmented efforts to create and maintain urban green spaces the possibility of improving outdoor thermal conditions is limited. This study investigates the impact of small community parks on outdoor heat stress in José Carlos Mariátegui, an informal hillside settlement in Lima, Peru. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining ground-based fixed-point measurements and satellite-derived land surface temperature data. Air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation were recorded using a weather station on a sun-exposed rooftop and a compact data logger in a nearby shaded park. Spot solar radiation measurements were taken using a portable pyranometer. Satellite thermal imagery from Landsat 8 was processed using QGIS to assess spatial thermal patterns. The Universal Thermal Climate Index was applied to evaluate heat stress under both sun-exposed and shaded conditions. Results showed that the small park reduced average air temperature by 0.5 °C, with peak cooling of 3 °C in the morning hours. However, afternoon warming was observed, likely due to local topography and tree canopy effects. Despite this, shaded areas significantly reduced heat stress exposure—from 60 % to less than 20 % of daytime hours. The study highlights the importance of low-cost, context-sensitive green infrastructure in mitigating heat stress in resource-scarce urban environments. It offers actionable planning insights, essential for protecting public health in marginalised, low-income communities in the Global South.Scopus© Citations 8 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Exploring the urban systemic scenarios of improving socioecological conditions in an informal settlement of a developing country with a system dynamics model(Elsevier BV, 2025-07-01)Informal settlements (IS) present a complex system of social, economic, and ecological interactions that arise spontaneously and unplanned in urban areas and require a forward-looking and comprehensive approach to address their socio-ecological interactions. Moreover, an IS is conceptually considered a sub-system within a broader urban system, interacting with and influenced by internal and external factors. This study aims to model these interactions and factors using System Dynamics (SD), with the objective of simulating and evaluating decisions, actions, and their dynamic consequences concerning settlement consolidation (e.g., enhancing and optimizing urban areas) and improving women's access to formal employment opportunities. Consequently, a 10 year framework SD model for five scenarios was developed, including: (S0) Business as Usual (BAU); (S1) Time quality scenario; (S2) Women in formal employment scenario; (S3) Circularity scenario; and (S4) Comprehensive scenario. The results indicate that the implementation of individual solutions, such as improving the quality of men's working time (without overtime), formal employment for women (equalizing income conditions with men), water circularity (use of fog catchers and the recycling of greywater as a supply), and organic waste management (organic compost for urban gardens and the implementation of urban agriculture), does not fully leverage potential synergies. However, a comprehensive scenario that combines individual solutions jointly achieves a decrease in the time needed to improve women's conditions in formal employability (47.5 %), which is related to the settlement consolidation process. These findings provide insight into possible action strategies and policy implications for effectively addressing the challenges associated with informal settlements. • Systems dynamics effectively uncovers interdependencies and causal relationships. • Comprehensive strategies drive sustainable development in informal settlements. • Synergistic solutions optimize socioecological conditions in informal settlements. • Coordinated approaches empower women through formal employment opportunities. • Valuable insights guide evidence-based policies for transformative change.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Exploring the Impact of Community Urban Green Infrastructure on Outdoor Heat Stress in Informal Settlements in the Global South(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2025-01-01)1