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Item type:Publication, La utopía andina(Instituto de Pastoral Andina, 2020-10-09)When the European invasion of the Andean area took place in the 16th century, these territories were not an empty space nor were they an area of tribal culture; on the contrary, the Europeans arrived in an area where culture had reached a high level of development with the particularity that these processes took place independently of what was happening in Europe. The historical background of the Inca Empire (just the last expression of a long historical evolution), did not go unnoticed by the conquerors. Since then, the discussion arose about how to name these men who, without being barbarians, were not Europeans either. But along with this issue, decades after the capture of Cajamarca, another question would arise: what capacity for persistence did the civilization of the vanquished have? For some, Christianization had even been too fast, but others argued that under the Christian clothing, in reality, pre-Hispanic beliefs lay beneath. Themes of the chroniclers, visitors and eradicators of colonial idolatry; subject also of contemporary anthropologists and sociologists. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Maniqueísmo, memoria e historia oficial(2021-12-28)El presente artículo tiene por fin el aproximarse teóricamente, y de manera sintética, a los vínculos entre memoria e historia en la formación de ciertas narrativas que han influido el discurso escolar sobre ciudadanía e identidad en el Perú; de una manera peculiar y personal. Se parte de una caracterización bastante filosófica de la memoria y su relación con ciertos conceptos morales, para luego introducirnos en una discusión más sociológica, aunque también teórica, sobre la manera en cómo memoria e historia se incorporan en el campo educativo a través de operaciones culturales tensas y, hasta cierto punto, violentas, las cuales, finalmente, nos conducen a explorar este fenómeno en el caso peruano y en vinculación directa con la intención pedagógica de formar ciudadanía. Si bien no se plantearán afirmaciones concluyentes, por el contrario, se buscará concebir el espacio educativo como aún abierto para trabajar en el ensanchamiento de los márgenes del horizonte de comprensión de nuestra identidad nacional y de nuestra concepción de la ciudadanía, de lo que significa ser un ciudadano peruano en la actualidad. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, COVID-19 in Peru: state and social responses(Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, 2021-04-01)Despite efforts by the Peruvian state to contain the outbreak and spread of covid-19, including a strict nationwide quarantine for more than one hundred days, Peru had one of the highest numbers of cases and deaths in the world due to the pandemic. The pandemic highlighted the precariousness of the health care system, work, living conditions and transport. The pandemic also demonstrated that until underlying problems in the country’s social and economic system are solved (such as inequality and poverty), the health sector can do little to combat a health care crisis. This article analyzes state and societal responses to the pandemic between February and August 2020. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La educación en el Perú de la posindependencia a través de sus textos(2021-12-28)Partiendo de un retrato de la situación de la educación en los años iniciales de la historia del Perú independiente, el artículo rastrea la política desplegada por el Estado en materia de organización de las escuelas y establecimiento de contenidos de lo que se enseñaba a los alumnos en los niveles elemental o básico y el intermedio o secundario. Para ello nos centramos en un análisis de los textos más empleados en las escuelas del Perú entre los años 1821-1850. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el Estado puso poco empeño en regular los materiales empleados en las escuelas, de modo que los textos empleados en ellas lo fueron, principalmente, por iniciativa de educadores que dirigían escuelas privadas en Lima u otras ciudades importantes. El contenido de dichos textos recogió solo débilmente los ideales de la independencia y de la república como forma de gobierno y convivencia social, y fundamentalmente heredó los planteamientos que venían usándose en la época virreinal. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Adobe constructions in the world: a first overview(Springer Nature, 2021-01-01)Adobe constructions date back thousands of years and are a significant fraction of the world’s built heritage, including UNESCO sites. Even though adobe dwellings are still built in some regions, a number of experimental and theoretical studies have delineated the vulnerability levels of these constructions. A significant concentration of adobe constructions in regions with moderate-to-high levels of seismic hazard has been observed as well, resulting in huge human losses during earthquakes. Therefore, the knowledge of the structural performance and seismic reinforcement of adobe constructions provides the basis for their structural vulnerability reduction, allowing disaster risk mitigation and community preparedness. This is also a strategic task to meet sustainability and community resilience goals in multiple countries, where guidelines for both existing and new adobe constructions must be implemented. This chapter provides readers with preliminary information on history, worldwide distribution, construction features and observed performance of adobe constructions for different demand scenarios. These topics are recalled and discussed in more detail in subsequent chapters. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Estudiar las infancias en América Latina: ideas y debates para un campo emergente(South Florida Publishing LLC, 2022-01-19)El estudio de las infancias se ha consolidado en los últimos años en América Latina como un campo de estudios autónomo y emergente. Como apertura al dossier temático Infancias en América: diversidades en tensiónqueremos delinear el panorama de los estudios que, desde la historia, la antropología y la educación, han contribuido a este renovado interés sobre las infancias en la región. En el artículo reconstruimos las líneas emergentes y concluimos con propuestas para una agenda investigativa para/sobre/con las infancias en y desde América Latina.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Nineteenth-century women writers and the nation(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-18)This chapter provides an account of the robust emergence of women writers in nineteenth-century Latin America and of the narratives they produced, focusing on the complex relationship between national and gender ideology, the literary field and the consolidation of the new republics, especially in the second half of the century. Rather than focusing on aestheticist frameworks for the myriad novels, novellas, and short stories; poems, essays, and plays; and diaries, letters, and press articles produced by them, it examines their interaction with the dominant male discourse and the strategies that women of letters developed in order to move beyond the age-old patriarchal mandate of “not saying what they knew, or saying that they didn’t know, or saying the opposite of what they knew” (Ludmer 48).1 If intellectuals of the so-called national period had an impossibly idealized concept of the literary woman, later critics’ and writers’ respect for them, from modernistas and throughout the twentieth century, was negligible. This rich and diverse corpus of writing published in the periodical press and in book form, from Chile to Mexico, had all but disappeared from literary memory and from the canon until it was rediscovered more than a century later by feminist activists in Latin American, (USA) North American, and European academia from the late 1990s and beyond. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Extending conquest history: Lesser-known events and the fringes of European conquest(Cambridge University Press, 2024-01-16)Certain characters and their roles in the European conquest of America are well known: Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortés, Francisco Pizarro, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, and a few others. Likewise, scholarly interest in the conquest has focused on the centers of great political, economic, and cultural entities such as the Aztec Empire in Mesoamerica and the Inca Empire in the Central Andes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, Panic, Denial, and the Search for “Magic Remedies:” The Various Social Responses to COVID-19 in Peru(Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, 2023-01-01)Between March 2020 and March 2022, more than 213,000 Peruvians died of covid-19. In this research note, we will identify and analyze the various social responses to covid-19 in Peru: denial, panic, search for culprits, search for “magic remedies,” and, in some sectors, mistrust towards the State and science. We argue that these social responses have been common throughout history, both in pandemics prior to the development of the bacteriological era and in the most recent ones. We intend to show that, in Peru, scientific ideas around health and disease coexist with religious ideas, conspiracy theories and traditional knowledge.
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