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Item type:Publication, From the Andes to the desert: First overview of the bacterial community in the Rimac river, the main source of water for Lima, Peru(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-08-16)Abstract Background The Rimac river is the main source of water for Lima, Peru’s capital megacity. The river is constantly affected by different types of contamination including mine tailings in the Andes and urban sewage in the metropolitan area. We aim to produce the first characterization of bacterial communities in the Rimac river using a 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach which would be useful to identify bacterial diversity and potential understudied pathogens. Results We report a higher diversity in bacterial communities from the Upper and, especially, Middle Rimac compared to the Lower Rimac (Metropolitan zone). Samples were generally grouped according to their geographical location. Bacterial classes Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Campylobacteria, Fusobacteriia, and Gammaproteobacteria were the most frequent along the river. Arcobacter cryaerophilus (Campylobacteria) was the most frequent species in the Lower Rimac while Flavobacterium succinicans (Bacteroidia) and Hypnocyclicus (Fusobacteriia) were the most predominant in the Upper Rimac. Predicted metabolic functions in the microbiota include bacterial motility, quorum sensing and xenobiotics metabolism. Additional metabolomic analyses showed the presence natural flavonoids and antibiotics in the Upper Rimac, and herbicides in the Lower Rimac. Conclusions The dominance in the Metropolitan area of Arcobacter cryaerophilus , an emergent pathogen associated with fecal contamination and antibiotic multiresistance, but that is not usually reported in traditional microbiological quality assessments, highlights the necessity to apply next-generation sequencing tools to improve pathogen surveillance. We believe that our study will encourage the integration of omics sciences in Peru and its application on current environmental and public health issues. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Climate Change, Vulnerability, Social Conflicts and Human Displacement in the Andes: The case of Huaytapallana Glacier(2020-06-11)The objective of this review was to identify the links between Climate Change, Vulnerability, Social Conflicts and Human Displacement in the Andes. The different factors that influence the vulnerability of people and communities are analyzed, such as the diversity of the impacts of climate change, the retreat of glaciers, the loss of biological diversity, health, agricultural production and scenarios with the presence of water scarcity. Adaptive behaviors are observed in the inhabitants of Andean communities, but they are not sufficient, because in many occasions people are forced to migrate to other cities. Five ways of responding to climate risks or hazards are suggested: 1) reduction and control of global warming, 2) adaptation to conditions resulting from climate change, 3) resistance, 4) mitigation, and 5) involuntary displacement. Finally, it concludes by stating that there is an intricate link between global warming, climate change, vulnerability and social conflicts, and that migration is a product of climate change. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Resistencia urbana, crecimiento de la población y cambio climático. La estructura ecológica y las áreas verdes urbanas asociadas con el río Rímac de Lima.(Científica del Sur University, 2020-01-01)El aumento exponencial de la poblacin urbana, junto con la nueva variabilidad de los eventos meteorolgicos provocados por el cambio climtico de origen antrpico, se presentan como retos para lograr nuevos escenarios con condiciones medioambientales alternativas. Unos modelos medioambientales que relacionan los sistemas naturales con los construidos, cohesionan la sociedad con la naturaleza, y combinan las adaptaciones espaciales y los patrones de comportamiento con el cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. As, el presente artculo pretende abordar la estructura ecolgica y las reas verdes de la ciudad de Lima (vinculadas al entorno del ro Rmac) que poseen potencial para producir las condiciones fsicas ms propicias. Todo ello a fin de alcanzar - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and stunting in children under 5 years in Peru: a double-difference analysis(Elsevier, 2020-04-01)Background The 1997–98 El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was one of the most important natural disasters in 20th century Peru, associated with heavy rainfall and flooding. It affected 502 000 people, ruined 944 km of roads, and damaged 580 health centres and 956 schools. Almost a quarter of all people affected (23%) came from Piura, in the northwest of Peru. In this study, we assessed the association between the 1997–98 ENSO and growth stunting in children younger than 5 years on Peru's north coast. Methods We analysed Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, from 1996 and 2000, using a double-difference approach. Our primary outcome was childhood growth stunting, and our exposure was the ENSO phenomenon. The exposed group was from Peru's Piura coast, and the unexposed group was from southern coastal regions, which were less affected by the events associated with ENSO 1997–98. First, we conducted a regional comparison. Secondly, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to explore similarities between the exposed and non-exposed groups. We then estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of childhood growth stunting using generalised linear models. Finally, we conducted a subanalysis by childhood age. Findings We studied 2270 and 1349 children younger than 5 years from 1996 and 2000, respectively. Regression without matching showed a PR of 1·37 (95% CI 0·93–2·01), and a PSM regression 1-to-2 PR of 1·45 (0·66–3·18), obtaining a PR greater than 1 but with a confidence interval that included the null value. Furthermore, we found a possible effect on children aged 0–11 months. In the regressions without PSM, analysis for this age group showed a PR of 2·48 (1·11–5·54); whereas, after PSM 1-to-2, the PR was 2·69 (1·03–7·03); alternative PSM was also consistent with these results. Analysis of the other age groups yielded results that were not statistically significant. Interpretation Our results suggest that the ENSO phenomenon could have increased childhood stunting on the coast of Piura. More specifically, children who were aged 0 to 11 months during the worst and most disruptive period of the El Niño phenomenon were at increased risk of growth stunting. Our results were consistent with and without PSM. Factors that might have contributed to our results include increased childhood morbidity with concurrent reductions in maternal and familial access to health care, and diminished household incomes due to El Niño's devastating effects during the disaster period. Our findings outline a need to prevent harm to people and their health during weather and natural events associated with ENSO. Specifically, there is a need for childhood-focused social protection systems, especially during critical stages of growth and development. Childhood-focused social protection and delivery systems will be instrumental in preventing downstream effects of similar climatic events. Funding Fogarty 2D43 TW007393. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Reports of feeding incidents of cattle by Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in Central Peru(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2020-12-31)In 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture of Peru received complaints about Andean bears’ livestock attacks in central Peru. The ministry contacted our Andean bear research group to confirm these events. Already in the area, traces of the presence of Andean bear (e.g., as hair and feces) were found within grazing areas, and 13 cattle carcasses, some of them with evidence of consumption by bear. Although not conclusive, the condition of a corpse also suggested predation by bear. Even though we could not confirm bear attacks, we did confirm that they were involved in livestock feeding incidents (e.g., scavenging). Finally, we point out the importance of quick responses to reduce human-bear conflicts.Key words: Andean bear predation, human-predator conflicts, natural protected area, Peruvian Andes, Tremarctos ornatus. RESUMENEn 2015 el Ministerio de Agricultura de Perú recibí denuncias sobre ataques a ganado por parte de oso andino en el centro del Perú. El ministerio contactó con nuestro grupo de investigación de oso andino para confirmar estos sucesos. Ya en el área encontramos rastros (ej. pelos y heces) de la presencia de oso andino dentro de zonas de pastoreo, así como 13 cadáveres de ganado, algunos de ellos con evidencias de consumo por oso. Aunque no fue concluyente, la condición de un cadáver también sugería depredación por oso. A pesar de que no pudimos confirmar los ataques por oso, sí confirmamos que estaban involucrados en incidentes de alimentación con el ganado (ej. carroñeo).Palabras clave: Andes peruanos, área natural protegida, conflictos humano-depredadores, depredación del oso andino, Tremarctos ornatus. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Vulnerabilidad y gestión del riesgo de desastres frente al cambio climático en Piura, Perú(Universidad de Medellín, Sello Editorial, 2020-07-30)El cambio climático trae grandes desafíos que de alguna manera afectan el desarrollo sostenible de la vida en la tierra. No solamente se trata de los incrementos de temperatura que, según pronósticos especializados, llevarán a la desaparición de los glaciares tropicales con temperaturas de hasta 48 °C en los trópicos, sino de los impactos de esos incrementos, como son lluvias torrenciales, desertización, inundaciones, pérdida de cultivos, incremento de enfermedades, escasez de agua dulce, etc. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar vulnerabilidades ambientales urbanas en algunas ciudades peruanas, tomando como caso a Piura, que viene sufriendo de manera recurrente los impactos desastrosos del fenómeno de El Niño (FEN) con inundaciones, interrupciones de las vías de comunicación y otros sucesos que afectan la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. La metodología empleada es analítica-deductiva basada en bibliografía variada y observaciones de terreno. Como resultado global se ha encontrado escasez de estrategias de resiliencia y de recuperación en favor de las poblaciones más vulnerables frente a los impactos del cambio climático. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Sales, D. (2017). José María Arguedas y el cine. Madrid: Iberoamericana-Vervuert(Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas, 2021-01-01) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Chankillo solar observatory and ceremonial centre: a heritage for the world(Springer International Publishing, 2021-01-01) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, El pasaje peatonal Lima de Puno (1994-1995): una crónica de cómo fue su construcción e impacto(Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, 2021-08-05)Las tres cuadras que conforman el actual pasaje peatonal Lima, en el corazón de Puno, han centralizado el paso diario de la vida puneña, como si se tratara de un écran. En dichopasaje, a diferencia de otras calles y avenidas, sino se han construido, se han acondicionado galerías, tiendas, hoteles, farmacias, restaurantes, agencias de turismo, discotecas, pubs, snacks, oficinas, bancos e instituciones. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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