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    Stochastic scale elasticity
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2021-12-11)
    To analyze the performance of firms (decision-making units, DMUs) in the literature, several economic concepts such as economies of scale (returns to scale, RTS), economies of scope, marginal rates of technical substitutions, etc., have been used. Banker et al. (2004) studied RTS in different DEA models. In this chapter, however, we concentrate on determining and measuring RTS. Scale elasticity (SE) is a quantitative measure of the RTS characterization of the firms operating on the production frontier, which is used to determine improvement or deterioration in their productivities by resizing their scales of operation.
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    Flow/Fund Theory and Rural Livelihoods
    (Springer International Publishing, 2023-01-01)
    The concept of social metabolism and its relation with ecological distribution conflicts is a key theme in the work of Joan Martinez-Alier and the Barcelona school. It creates a bridge between the fields of ecological economics and political ecology. Following Georgescu-Roegen’s fund-flow theory of economic production, the present chapter has the objective to illustrate with a case study at the commodity frontier of the Andes-Amazon region in Peru, the relation between material flows and ecological distribution conflicts. The systemic and participatory approaches we have adopted can facilitate the prevention of social conflicts. Decision-makers should be aware of different perspectives hold by diverse social groups and their relation with the biophysical reality, and acknowledging them as part of social metabolism studies.