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    Critical thermal maxima differ between groups of insect pollinators and their foraging times: Implications for their responses to climate change
    (University of Kansas, 2024-10-11)
    Insects perform essential roles within ecosystems and can be vulnerable to climate change because of their small body size and limited capacity to regulate body temperature. Several groups of insects, such as bees and flies, are important pollinators of wild and cultivated plants. However, aspects of their thermal biology remain poorly studied, which limits predictions of their responses to climate change. We assessed the critical thermal maximum (CTMax) of bees and flies visiting flowers in urban and periurban areas in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. We also assessed the effect of the foraging time of the day on CTMax. Overall, we found that bees displayed higher CTMax than flies. Flies foraging in the morning and afternoon displayed similar CTMax while bees in the morning displayed a higher CTMax than in the afternoon. The results of this study suggest differences in the vulnerability to climate change between these two major groups of pollinators, with flies being more at risk.
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    Maritime Peoples of the Western Andes
    (Oxford University Press, 2026-05-21)
    Maritime adaptation on the Pacific coast of the Central Andes started as early as the peopling of this region during the terminal Pleistocene. Several archaeological sites between Ecuador and Chile show an early colonization of the western central Andes by well-adapted foraging groups. These initial coastal establishments led to more diversified settlement patterns, complex subsistence economies, and dynamic social interactions during the early Holocene. All the available archaeological evidence must be understood within the changing climatic and environmental context that characterized the western central Andes throughout this time. In particular, studying the nature of interactions between El Niño and maritime communities of the Central Andes is key to understanding the development of specialized economies, more permanent settlements, population growth, social resilience, and the development of social complexity.
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