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    Soil–Structure Interaction Analysis Using the Finite Element Method in Thin-Walled Steel Pipes Buried under Haul Roads
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-12-24)
    This paper addresses the challenges associated with steel pipes used for transporting liquid fluids within buried sections of mining facilities, specifically in areas with heavy mining vehicles. While existing design standards, such as AW-WA M11, and manufacturer recommendations largely consider loads from vehicles like the AASHTO HS20 or Cooper E-80, both weighing below 35 tons, these guidelines inadequately represent the actual loads experienced on certain mining roads, notably those accommodating heavy vehicles, like haul roads. The research presented here focuses on the interaction between soil and buried steel pipes under the substantial loads exerted by mining vehicles with a maximum gross load of up to 612 tons, inclusive of hauled material weight. Utilizing a parametric study with the finite element method, the paper identifies critical variables influencing efforts and deflections calculations in these facilities. The analysis of 108 models, varying parameters related to trench pipe installation conditions, offers insights that empower designers to refine soil trench parameters in mining facilities, mitigating pipe failures and optimizing installation costs. Ultimately, the key influential variables affecting pipe deflection and stress are identified as the trench backfill height and the elasticity modulus of the trench lateral fill.
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    Plasma parameters analysis in DC and RF magnetron sputtering using finite element method
    (Institute of Physics, 2025)
    Acomprehensive comparison of results obtained by finite element modelling (FEM) and plasma diagnostics between direct current (d.c.) and radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at a frequency of 13.56 MHzis presented. This research studies the influence of power in the range 20W to 90Wat a constant argon gas pressure of 1 Pa. The maximum plasma density values are observed at 90Win the d.c. mode, reaching 1.41 × 1017m−3, and 1.95 × 1016m−3 in the RF mode, with results obtained within 1μs after ignition of the plasma. The results of the experiments showed that the plasma concentration at a distance of 23mmfrom the cathode has maximum values; indicating that the electron and ion density values increase as the d.c. and RF magnetron sputtering power increases. This research aims to demonstrate the different charge density values obtained in RF and d.c. plasma withFEMto facilitate the prediction of the magnetron sputtering discharge parameters of the MatER PUCP laboratory. Given that at this moment suitable models for RF sputtering are rather scarce, the obtained plasma parameters fromFEMwill be compared to plasma parameters that were obtained Experimentally.
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