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Item type:Publication, Environmental and carbon footprint of tourist accommodation: a comparative study of popular hotel categories in Brazil and Peru(Elsevier, 2021-12-15)The environmental externalities of tourist accommodation are substantial, but their scientific appraisals have been far from holistic. Existing environmental impact assessment studies focus on hotel operations and exclude indirect material inputs and outputs due to data (un)availability. Important environmental ‘hotspots’ can be ignored in the result as these are often concealed in the diversity and complexity of a hotel's products and services. This study employs the method of environmental life cycle impact assessment to appraise the environmental externalities occurring through the life cycle of four popular comfort categories of hotels (hostel, budget, upmarket and luxury) in two countries of South America (Brazil and Peru). The appraisal is facilitated by the ecoinvent database (version 3.6, Allocation cut-off by classification) and the SimaPro software (version 9.1.1). The intra-sectoral and cross-country analysis reveals correlation of the environmental and carbon footprint with hotel comfort categories. The study finds that (1) treatment of solid waste generated in hotel operations; (2) construction of the hotel building; and (3) operational energy use; generate the largest footprints across all major impact categories. The contribution of (4) consumer goods, such as furniture, electric and electronic equipment, bathroom/sanitary fixtures and carpets, is also significant. The study advocates that these operational and non-operational material inputs and outputs should be accounted for in future environmental and carbon impact assessments of hotels. The study provides the first benchmarks of major embodied, indirect environmental and carbon impacts of hotels that can be used, with appropriate adjustments, in future research. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Investigating the environmental impacts of construction projects in time-cost trade-off project scheduling problems with CoCoSo multi-criteria decision-making method(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2021-10-01)Currently, construction projects have a significant share in environmental pollution. Usually, the employers and managers of construction projects pay attention to the project implementation with the shortest duration and the lowest cost, whereas less attention is paid to the environmental effects of the implementation of projects. Sustainable development requires the planning and implementation of construction projects, taking environmental impacts, along with other factors, into account. Few studies have investigated the balancing time, cost, and environmental effects. Although the selection of an execution method for the project activity requires the use of decision-making methods, these methods have not been used in the project scheduling problems. This study seeks to simultaneously minimize the project time, cost, and environmental impacts. The of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of project activities in three physical, biological, and social aspects throughout the construction projects, and to attempt to minimize them as measurable values. In this paper, the environmental effects of an urban water supply construction project as a real case study are assessed in different activity execution modes by the Leopold matrix and the best execution mode of each project activity is selected using the CoCoSo (combined compromise solution) multi-criteria decision-making method, considering the time–cost-environmental impact trade-off. The CoCoSo method is employed because of its high flexibility compared to other multi-criteria decision-making methods. The results of this study will direct managers and stake-holders of construction projects to pay more attention to the environmental effects of construction project activities, together with the other conventional project goals and objectives, such as the time and cost. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Conflictos interpretativos, vacíos normativos y tareas pendientes para fortalecer el régimen legal en materia de evaluación de impacto ambiental(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-13)This article takes a critical look at the application of the National Environmental Impact Assessment System. Thus, recognizing the importance of this legal regime to empower the role of the State in the environmental management of investment projects, as well as the prevention of socio-environmental conflicts, a review of the current institutional framework is carried out, specifically the changes and advances regarding the exercise of functions by Senace. In this line, the scope of an interpretative conflict related to the scope of non-significant environmental impacts on bodies of water is presented. Likewise, a critical view of the corrective environmental management instruments is presented. Finally, some ideas are presented regarding the procedure for updating environmental studies as a mechanism for the continuous improvement of environmental management instruments. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Towards sustainable project scheduling with reducing environmental pollution of projects: fuzzy multi-objective programming approach to a case study of Eastern Iran(Springer Science+Business Media, 2022-05-09)Implementation of projects with an acceptable quality level in the minimum cost and time has always been the ultimate goal of managers and decision-makers in the construction industry. On the other hand, the construction industry is responsible for creating various environmental problems. Therefore, reducing the environmental destructive effects of project implementation is of utmost importance. The aim of this paper is to consider the environmental pollution along with the project iron triangle of cost, time, and quality in the scheduling of the construction projects. A multi-objective multi-mode resource-constraint project scheduling model is presented considering the generalized precedence constraints between project activities as well as the limitation of renewable resources and non-renewable resources. In this study, the environmental effects of construction projects as well as the three conflicting goals of cost (budget), time (duration), and quality are taken into account. Also, the limitations of renewable and non-renewable resources as well as the generalized activity precedence relationships are incorporated into the proposed model. The proposed model was implemented on a rural water supply project including 25 activities and was solved using the fuzzy goal programming approach with GAMS software. Different combinations of activity modes were presented along with the start time of each activity considering four objective functions. The results showed that this project would be completed in 190 days, at the cost of $15,394, with the quality level of 0.835, and environmental effects of 0.372, which are between the optimal and worst objective functions values. In addition, the sensitivity analysis indicates the high efficiency of the proposed model and its capability in assisting project managers and planners. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Megaprojects Observed: The Extractivist Hiding Hand at Resource Peripheries(SAGE Publishing, 2025-04-14)Mining operations are often presented to society as comprehensive megaprojects for development. But is that truly the case? How are their environmental impacts anticipated and regulated? Located in the impoverished southern Andes of Peru, the Las Bambas mine accounts for about 2% of global copper production. In contrast to Albert Hirschman's classic theory of the Hiding Hand in economic development, this mine represents a project where initial ignorance of risks is not necessarily counterbalanced by creative solutions from state officials later on. We examine the processes of environmental regulation and assess the creativity in public policy. The significant alterations to the project and its Environmental Impact Assessment, made without mandatory citizen participation, have contributed to growing social discontent. An Extractivist Hiding Hand ensures the development of resources but little else. In this context, creativity and state capacity are deployed to conceal environmental injustices.2