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Item type:Publication, COVID-19 and gender differences in the labor market: evidence from the peruvian economy(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2022-07)The COVID-19 and its confinement measures have generated a severe economic contraction around the world. However, there is still no consensus on the magnitude of its immediate effects, particularly in developing countries. Analysts have emphasized not only human capital losses but also an economic recession and increase in economic and social inequalities, including gender differences. Despite the Latin America (LA) countries are most affected in terms of deaths, most studies focus on the impact of COVID-19 on developed countries. Using data from the National House- hold Surveys (ENAHO) from 2019-2021, we studied the impact of the COVID-19’S confinement measures on gender differences in the labor market in Peru, country with one of the biggest death rates. We found that the COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown measures accentuated gender inequality in labor market. Women have largely decreased the total hours worked than men, particularly due to the reduction of formal employment. More vulnerable women are low-skilled and those who have not worked remotely. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Inmigración masiva, salarios reales y empleo: un modelo keynesiano(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2018-02)The massive arrival of Venezuelan immigrants, who escape the macroeconomic catastrophe caused by the Maduro government, is a unique event in the recent economic history of Peru. This text tries to show that a Keynesian model, where employment depends on aggregate demand, can identify the two channels through which massive immigration reduces, in the short term, employment and real wages. These two channels are the increase of the labor force that reduces the nominal and real wages, and the decrease of the propensity to consume of the employees if there is a substitution of local workers by immigrants among the employed. The Venezuelan workers have no responsibility whatsoever in creating this situation. Like the Peruvians who have emigrated since the 1980s, they only look for the best for their families. The entire responsibility lies with the Kuczynski government and its policy of free immigration that artificially extends the surplus of urban labor existing in the Peruvian economy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Human development based on the competitiveness of the Peruvian region of Ancash, 2008–2021(Emerald Publishing, 2024-04-23)The study set out to understand how the regional competitiveness index (RCI) in the department of Ancash related to the human development index (HDI) from 2008 to 2021. For a more complete understanding of the findings, each component or dimension of the RCI was analyzed. Ancash's HDI and its competitiveness index over a 14-year period were used as the population for this applied, longitudinal, descriptive-correlational study, which was based on secondary data extracted from the "Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Inforḿatica" (INEI) and business school of the Pontificia Universidad Cat olica del Peŕu (CENTRUM) statistical databases. Multiple linear regression was used to find the relationship. The research found a strong and positive correlation between regional competitiveness and human development between 2008 and 2021. No correlations were found between the HDI and the health, education, employment, or institutional dimensions of regional competitiveness, but direct and significant correlations were established between the economic environment and the HDI and between the infrastructure dimension and the HDI. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Impact of informal trade on labor employability in the Peruvian Amazon economy(Sapienza Grupo Editorial, 2024-04-01)Informal trade plays a vital role in the economy by providing employment opportunities to those seeking to meet their basic needs. Therefore, the objective was to assess the impact of informal trade on labor employability in the Peruvian Amazon. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 421 street vendors from streets, avenues, and market surroundings. Data collection was carried out through a survey, whose metrics were determined by content validity and reliability processes. The results indicate that most participants were between 31 and 40 years old, predominantly women, had secondary education, and were Peruvian nationals. Regarding informal trade, most were self-employed and earned daily incomes ranging from 100 to 500 new soles. Street vending was predominant, with snacks and meals being notable products sold. Finally, it was concluded that informal trade in Madre de Dios generates 1,636 direct jobs, representing 2.1% of the population. The majority are women aged 31-40 with secondary education, earning between 100 and 1,000 soles, and working between 8 to 10 hours daily. The findings highlight the need for targeted policies to support informal traders, particularly women, and enhance economic resilience. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Spillovers of COVID-19 on Employment and Income in Peru(Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, 2023-01-01)This paper estimates the spillovers effects of COVID-19 on employment (total, formal, and informal) and real income of a group of Peruvian provinces called “treated or treatment” in the period of the virus 2020- II-2021-IV. These spillovers are associated with the behavior of people who broke the confinement, crowded into relatively small spaces, and did not use protective measures against COVID-19. The measurements of these effects are based on Cao and Dowd (2019), and on the INEI-ENAHO National Household Survey (2022) for the period 2011.I-2021-IV, which is the main database of the study. Two main results of the study are, on the one hand, that COVID-19 and the confinement policies and transfers to the poor and companies contributed on average to more than 50% of the decrease in total employment, formal employment, and real income (of the economically active population employed in the province), and to the increase in informality for the group of provinces covered. On the other hand, the spillovers effects attenuated the negative effects of the decrease in formal employment and real income in said provinces.