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    Family still matters: Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic
    (Elsevier Inc., 2022-11-01)
    The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals—fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care—might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.
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    Psychometric Evaluation of the Strength-Based Parenting Questionnaire and Comparison of Perceived Strength-Based Parenting in Collectivistic and Individualistic Cultures
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2025-10-01)
    This study examined strength-based parenting scores rated by a large youth sample ( N = 2,449; M = 15.03 years ± 2.94; 55.7% female; 44.3% male) collected from 9 countries classified as collectivistic (Indonesia, Israel [Arab citizens], Kazakhstan, Macau, Peru, Turkey, and Uzbekistan) or individualistic (Australia and Germany). Psychometric evaluation of the Strength-Based Parenting Questionnaire (SBPQ) showed factorial validity, strong internal consistency, and strong test re-test reliability. Strict measurement invariance was found between the two cultural groupings and across the seven language versions of the SBPQ, providing confidence that the SBPQ is a tool that can be used in cross-cultural research. Youth from individualistic countries perceived parents to have higher knowledge of their strengths; however, Cohen's d of 0.13 indicated that the difference was very low. There was no significant difference on ratings of parents encouraging them to use their strengths. Overall, the findings suggest that youth perceptions about strength-based parenting may be more common, than different, across the two cultural categories. By establishing the psychometric robustness of the SBPQ in collectivistic and individualistic youth samples, this study has opened the door for increased cross-cultural research into the antecedents, moderators, and outcomes of strength-based parenting.
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