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    Internalization of mastery goals: the differential effect of teachers’ autonomy support and control
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-02-05)
    Two linked studies explored whether students’ perceptions differentiate between teachers’ autonomy support and control when presenting mastery goals, and the outcomes of these two practices, in terms of students’ internalization of mastery goals and their behavioral engagement. In two phases, Study 1 (N = 317) sought to validate a new instrument assessing students’ perceptions of teachers’ autonomy support and control when presenting mastery goals. Study 2 (N = 1,331) demonstrated that at both within- and between-classroom levels, perceptions of teachers’ autonomy support for mastery goals were related to students’ mastery goals’ endorsement and behavioral engagement. These relations were mediated by students’ autonomous reasons to pursue learning activities. Perceptions of teachers’ control predicted disengagement through controlled reasons for learning, but only at the within-classroom level. This research joins a growing body of work demonstrating that combining achievement goal theory with SDT can further our understanding of the underpinnings of achievement motivation. It suggests that if teachers want their students to endorse mastery goals (and be more engaged), they need to use more autonomy supportive practices and less controlling ones.
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      1
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    Understanding contextual variations in executive function through habits, representations, and reflection
    (Frontiers Media, 2026-01-01)
    Executive function (EF) is often considered a domain-general ability or set of component processes related to conscious control best assessed in decontextualized controlled settings. However, recent calls have advocated for more consideration of the role that context may play in EF's conceptualization and assessment. Reconciling these two approaches presents a challenge. This paper explores the possibility of considering EF in terms of its function— achieving a goal. From this view, the function of EF can be achieved through multiple pathways and thus is best measured across multiple contexts that have a shared goal of resisting a prepotent response that conflicts with a correct goal-driven response. Examination of EF across multiple contexts should reveal individual differences in the conscious regulation of thought and behavior toward the outcome of a goal across multiple tasks. We explore a social representational framework for exploring the cognition that underlies the variability in conscious goal-directed thought and behavior. This framework suggests that representational skills related to forming, maintaining, and reflecting on goal-relevant information are at the center of EF and necessary for overriding habitual prepotent responses. Finally, because representational ability and habits are developed within and shaped by a sociocultural context (e.g., through language, communication, values, and beliefs), contextual differences are key to understanding how individual differences in the regulation of behavior emerges and how context may shape EF demands.
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    rol del Perú en la lucha internacional contra la pesca ilegal, no declarada y no reglamentada
    (2025-08-31)
    El presente artículo tiene como objetivo contextualizar de qué manera el Estado peruano aborda la problemática de la pesca ilegal, no declarada y no reglamentada (INDNR) internacionalmente en distintos niveles: universal, regional y bilateral inclusive. Esto es posible de realizar tanto a través de normas jurídicamente vinculantes como instrumentos de carácter no vinculante. La justificación para ello recae en el hecho de que suele cuestionarse la actuación del Estado ante determinadas conductas que estarían vinculadas a esta mala práctica, tales como la falta de supervisión, fiscalización y control de embarcaciones extranjeras destinadas a la captura de recursos como la pota o calamar gigante. A partir de la revisión de los niveles de participación internacional del Perú en relación a la materia indicada, se concluye que, si bien es adecuada, podría mejorarse en algunos aspectos específicos, por lo cual se brindan recomendaciones para dichos efectos.
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    Quad-Active-Bridge Resonant-Type Single-Stage Three-Phase AC-DC Converter: Modulation and Control for V2G Applications
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025)
    The single-stage (SS) ac–dc converter is a promising solution for bidirectional electric vehicle chargers (BEVCs) due to its smaller volume, higher efficiency, and durability compared with the two-stage ac–dc converter. Nevertheless, typically SS ac–dc structures implement highly complex modulation schemes because most of them use bipolar voltage switches. In this article, a novel modulation and control strategy is introduced for the SS quad-active-bridge resonant-type ac–dc converter, which only uses unipolar voltage switches. In the proposed modulation, grid voltages are modulated by duty ratio (DR), whereas the dc source voltage is modulated by phase-shift (PS) and DR. The PS angle takes a constant value according to grid currents amplitude. Moreover, the DR angles, used to modulate grid voltages, control the sinusoidal shape of grid currents according to proportional-integral-resonant controllers cascaded to a second-order low-pass filters and an active damping. Whereas, the DR angle, used to modulate the dc source voltage, is applied to reduce the high-frequency current, in case of reactive power transfer to the grid. Experimental results from a 1.5 kW prototype show high efficiency (96.4%), bidirectional active-reactive power transfer capability, and low harmonic distortion in the grid currents (1.1%), making it an ideal alternative for BEVCs.
      2
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    Nonlinear trajectory tracking with a 6DOF AUV using an MRAFC controller
    (IEEE Computer Society, 2025)
    New technologies such as AUVs are used for marine exploration, considered a widespread solution in ocean monitoring, whose conventional controllers such as PID or LQR present inaccuracy in the path traversal and instability when faced with disturbances. Such that, in order to achieve sufficient precision in the path traversal and to be able to measure seabed parameters, the design of a Reference Model Adaptive Fuzzy Controller (MRAFC) is proposed. Which is a control strategy based on a combination of fuzzy systems theories using the Takagy- Sugeno model and adaptive control laws, respecting Lyapunovs nonlinear control theories to generate a robust control against inherent disturbances of the environment. Thus, the results obtained when comparing the MRAFC controller versus LQR and MRAC test controllers show better performance in different scenarios. Where the first scenario is ideal conditions, whose result is similar when the AUV is close to the origin and unstable in the LQR controller when it moves away from the design convergence point. A second scenario is considered the disturbances, obtaining unstable behaviors from the moment of the disturbance in the LQR and MRAC controllers, observing overstresses in the control variable causing chattering effect. While the last scenario is dedicated to recreate an environment with noise affecting the reading of the vehicle variables where only the MRAFC control law is able to compensate and control in a hostile environment. Therefore, based on the results of this research it is possible to identify the MRAFC controller as suitable for AUV where precision and stability are necessary.
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    Implementation of an Embedded Electronic Control System for a Functional Prosthetic Hand
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025)
    The advancement of electronics enables the development of more complex functional prosthetics with more capabilities and functionality. The prosthetics currently developed do not leave the laboratory environment due to their complexity or the requirement to operate in conjunction with laboratory computing equipment. Therefore, it is essential to develop prosthetics that can operate outside of the laboratory environment while maintaining maximum functionality. Consequently, an electronic control system is developed that can be embedded in a functional prosthetic hand, which is then trained in real-time through electromyography (EMG) using a classification algorithm based on machine learning. The system allows the prosthetic hand to assume six different positions and be controlled by electromyography, recognizing flexion and extension movements of the wrist. This results in a control system that can be fully embedded in the prosthetic hand, with an appropriate weight and size to maintain the aesthetics and functionality of the prosthesis.
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