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Item type:Publication, Explorando percepciones del impacto del cambio climático en tres regiones en el Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2021-10-29)Climate change is directly or indirectly attributed to human activity and is considered the greatest threat to public health of the 21st century. It has impacts on access to water, food, agriculture and livelihoods, and people's health. The objective of this article is to evaluate the perceptions of climate change in children, adolescents, authorities and representatives of youth organizations, women’s organizations and organizations that work with children in the regions of Cusco, Loreto and Piura, in Peru. We conducted a qualitative study using Photovoice with twelve adolescents and in-depth interviews with twenty-two key stakeholders. For the analysis, thematic analysis of the narratives in the photos and of the interviews were used. Extreme changes in weather were identified in all three regions. In the Cusco region they recognized the change in temperature with droughts and frosts, while in Loreto and Piura they showed an increase in rain intensity. In general, these changes affected agriculture. The care of water as a resource, both in its access and quality, was a great concern for all the participants. The study concludes that the concept of climate change as such is not identified, however, they describe changes and variations in the weather that affect their daily activities, particularly agriculture. A cross-cutting theme for all regions was the care and use of the water resource. In addition, young people were particularly enthusiastic about collaborating on future initiatives against climate change. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La crisis, una oportunidad de acelerar el cambio(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2020-12-23)In this article we examine the current situation of our country regarding the Pandemic and the excessive use of pollutant energy (mainly based in hydrocarbons), as well as the requirement of a gradual change to cleaner and renewable energy which will allow us to face the climate change. Also, the need of public politics to promote the sustainable and healthy development of our country. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, Climate Change, Vulnerability, Social Conflicts and Human Displacement in the Andes: The case of Huaytapallana Glacier(2020-06-11)The objective of this review was to identify the links between Climate Change, Vulnerability, Social Conflicts and Human Displacement in the Andes. The different factors that influence the vulnerability of people and communities are analyzed, such as the diversity of the impacts of climate change, the retreat of glaciers, the loss of biological diversity, health, agricultural production and scenarios with the presence of water scarcity. Adaptive behaviors are observed in the inhabitants of Andean communities, but they are not sufficient, because in many occasions people are forced to migrate to other cities. Five ways of responding to climate risks or hazards are suggested: 1) reduction and control of global warming, 2) adaptation to conditions resulting from climate change, 3) resistance, 4) mitigation, and 5) involuntary displacement. Finally, it concludes by stating that there is an intricate link between global warming, climate change, vulnerability and social conflicts, and that migration is a product of climate change. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Water resources management in vulnerable ecosystems: Quiroz river basin, Piura(European Center of Sustainable Development, 2020-01-01)According to the IPCC (2014), access to water resources is increasingly limited due to the effects of climate change; in consequence, vulnerability of ecosystems and their inhabitants increases. Thus, it is necessary to develop socio-organizational capacities to mitigate and adapt to this scenario, where retribution mechanisms for ecosystem services (MRSE for its Spanish acronym) become more relevant. The research attempts to analyze the coordination among agents involved in sustainable water resources management, to face climate change vulnerability in high biodiversity areas. For this purpose, the implementation of the Quiroz-Chira water fund will be studied as a case that generates institutionalism for sustainability of this mechanism and that represents an important social innovation that can be replicated. The methodology has a descriptive scope and applies qualitative techniques that complement secondary sources systematized with WebQDA software. Results indicate high vulnerability of the analyzed basin districts and a correct governance in this innovation, both with a sustainable development approach oriented to conservation of water potential. This implies good articulation for implementation of the MRSE and promotion of interests’ unification between contributors and water resources retributive entities. Keywords: Climate change, Sustainable development, Watershed, Governance, Ecosystem services - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Reframing tropical savannization: linking changes in canopy structure to energy balance alterations that impact climate(Wiley, 2020-09-01)Abstract Tropical ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented rates of degradation from deforestation, fire, and drought disturbances. The collective effects of these disturbances threaten to shift large portions of tropical ecosystems such as Amazon forests into savanna‐like structure via tree loss, functional changes, and the emergence of fire (savannization). Changes from forest states to a more open savanna‐like structure can affect local microclimates, surface energy fluxes, and biosphere–atmosphere interactions. A predominant type of ecosystem state change is the loss of tree cover and structural complexity in disturbed forest. Although important advances have been made contrasting energy fluxes between historically distinct old‐growth forest and savanna systems, the emergence of secondary forests and savanna‐like ecosystems necessitates a reframing to consider gradients of tree structure that span forest to savanna‐like states at multiple scales. In this Innovative Viewpoint, we draw from the literature on forest–grassland continua to develop a framework to assess the consequences of tropical forest degradation on surface energy fluxes and canopy structure. We illustrate this framework for forest sites with contrasting canopy structure that ranges from simple, open, and savanna‐like to complex and closed, representative of tropical wet forest, within two climatically distinct regions in the Amazon. Using a recently developed rapid field assessment approach, we quantify differences in cover, leaf area vertical profiles, surface roughness, albedo, and energy balance partitioning between adjacent sites and compare canopy structure with adjacent old‐growth forest; more structurally simple forests displayed lower net radiation. To address forest–atmosphere feedback, we also consider the effects of canopy structure change on susceptibility to additional future disturbance. We illustrate a converse transition—recovery in structure following disturbance—measuring forest canopy structure 10 yr after the imposition of a 5‐yr drought in the ground‐breaking Seca Floresta experiment. Our approach strategically enables rapid characterization of surface properties relevant to vegetation models following degradation, and advances links between surface properties and canopy structure variables, increasingly available from remote sensing. Concluding, we hypothesize that understanding surface energy balance and microclimate change across degraded tropical forest states not only reveals critical atmospheric forcing, but also critical local‐scale feedbacks from forest sensitivity to additional climate‐linked disturbance. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Environmental impacts of introducing cable cars in the Andean landscape: A case study for Kuelap, Peru(Elsevier, 2020-05-20)Cable cars have slowly become a popular means of transport beyond their classical use at ski resorts. In Latin America their use has thrived to access archaeological sites in the Andes, but also in urban environments for mass transit. Despite some apparent benefits of these systems, the current literature is scarce in terms of quantifying the environmental profile of cable cars. Hence, their environmental performance as compared to other means of transport remains essentially unexplored. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to provide a comparative environmental analysis, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, of the two existing transport methods to visit the Kuelap Archaeological Complex, in northern Peru: a recently built cableway system and the alternative unpaved winding road. An attributional LCA perspective was performed for several impact categories, including global warming and particulate matter formation. In addition, a scenario analysis and an uncertainty analysis, using Monte Carlo simulation, were conducted to account for deterministic and stochastic results interpretation. Results demonstrated that succulent environmental benefits are attained when cable cars substitute road transport in complex Andean orographic conditions. However, the rebound effects of reducing traveling times significantly, as well as social and biodiversity aspects, should be analyzed in further depth to complement the environmental analysis. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Cambio Climático: Ventana de Oportunidad para las Fuerzas Armadas en las estrategias de adaptación y mitigación(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022)This article exposes and analyzes different actions in which the Armed Forces can participate taking advantage of what Kingdon (1984) calls «windows of opportunity», which will remain open for short periods and if they are not taken advantage of in the political process, the opportunity cost will be lost, and it will be necessary to wait for another one to appear again at a certain moment; all this with the purpose of strengthening the State’s capacity to benefit the population and of having a country on the path to sustainable development. The Armed Forces play a very important role in the State’s sustainability strategy, and they have managed to be considered as an insurance against future conflict scenarios related to climate change. They could participate in supporting society through a significant contribution to adaptation to climate change. In this sense, the armed forces should be strategically considered and prepared as a risk manager. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Los retos de las ciudades del Perú frente al cambio climático. Aproximaciones desde la Justicia Ambiental(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022)Faced with the urgent call to action raised in the latest IPCC report, this paper takes a panoramic review at the general problems of Peruvian cities tackling climate change, revealing that the challenge is twofold: to build resilience to climatic variability, but above all to overcome the structural causes that produce high levels of social and ecological vulnerability. It is concluded that the four dimensions of environmental justice -distribution, recognition, participation, capacities- allow a more complete analysis of the vulnerabilities to overcome and achieve fair resilience; also, progresses have been found in this regard. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Pandemia, Cambio Climático y el Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022)This article presents an analysis of the relationship between the pandemic and climate change, as well as an analysis of the impact of its effects in Peru. In this way, it contrasts the different international commitments assumed by Peru for the mitigation of climate change and the actions that have been taken to achieve these commitments. This brings to light the problems of governance and institutional strength, which have been evidenced, and in other cases aggravated, by the pandemic. To conclude, different legal perspectives on the General Law on Climate Change will be presented, in order to point out the challenges Peru faces in achieving effective legislation on climate change mitigation.