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Item type:Publication, Una ofrenda a la arquitectura monumental precerámica del sitio Los Morteros, costa norte del Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2022-12-22)Los Morteros (5726-5041 cal yrs. BP) is an archaeological site located in Pampa de las Salinas, in the lower Chao Valley, on the northern Peruvian coast. This site includes several phases. One of these belongs to the construction of an adobe-brick monumental building dating 5400-5100 yrs. BP. Excavations carried out in 2017, uncovered a context comprised of burnt areas containing marine animal bones, shells, charcoal, articulated human skeletons, and commingled human bones. This context is interpreted as the remains of an offering related to the closing event of the adobe-brick monumental structure. This interpretation is based on the conjunction of osteological, contextual, and radiocarbon analysis. The closing event of the adobe-brick monumental structure, of which this offering is part, contributed to the construction social and ritual significance at Los Morteros, located inside the Archaeological Complex of Pampa de las Salinas in the Chao Valley. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Tutupaca volcanic complex (Southern Peru): eruptive chronology and successive destabilization of a dacitic dome complex(Elsevier, 2021-08-01)Several processes have been proposed as triggering mechanisms for the large sector collapses that affect most volcanoes, and which may occur several times in the volcano's lifetime. Here we present and discuss the case of Tutupaca volcano, located in southern Peru and part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. Tutupaca is composed of an old, hydrothermally altered and highly eroded Basal edifice, as well as younger twin peaks located in the northern part of the complex (the Western and Eastern Tutupaca). The youngest Eastern edifice of Tutupaca is composed of at least seven coalescing lava domes and associated deposits, including block-and-ash flow and debris avalanche deposits. We identified two debris avalanche deposits. An older unit (Azufre debris avalanche deposit) was channeled in the valleys located to the E and SE of the basal volcano, reaching up to 3.5 km from its source region. Four cosmogenic nuclide exposure dates (10Be/feldspar) were obtained from boulders of this debris avalanche deposit and ranged between 6.0 ± 0.7 and 7.8 ± 1.5 ka. The younger unit (Paipatja deposit) was associated with the sector collapse of the edifice reconstructed just after the first debris avalanche (domes IV to VIII). The sector collapse produced a debris avalanche deposit that outcrops immediately to the NE of the amphitheater and was associated with a large pyroclastic density current deposit that was previously dated by radiocarbon at 218 ± 14 a BP (Samaniego et al., 2015). Both debris avalanche deposits have two contrasting sub-units: (1) the main subunit, hereafter called hydrothermal-altered debris avalanche deposit, is a whitish-yellow volcanic breccia with heterolithic and heterometric blocks, which originated from the Basal edifice, and (2) a dome-rich debris avalanche deposit, composed by non-altered dome blocks from Eastern Tutupaca. In proximal areas, the dome-rich unit overlaps the hydrothermally-altered unit while in distal areas, these two units are mixed forming a hummocky and/or ridged topography. In addition to the similarity of both debris avalanches, we propose that the triggering mechanism for these debris avalanches was similar. The dacitic dome growth, coupled with a substrate of older, hydrothermally-altered rock, induced the destabilization of the edifice, producing the debris avalanches and the related pyroclastic density currents. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Kinematic evolution of the Santa Bárbara System in the foreland of the Central Andes of Northwestern Argentina (26°S)(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-06-01)Compared to the thin-skinned Subandean foreland fold-and-thrust belt of northern Argentina and Bolivia, the tectonically active morphotectonic province of the Santa Bárbara System in the Andean broken foreland of northwestern Argentina is characterized by a temporally and spatially disparate deformation style. Although there is no well-defined orogenic deformation front associated with the uplift of these basement-cored, reverse-fault bounded mountain ranges, there has been an overall eastward trend in Andean compressional deformation since the Miocene. While reactivation of basement anisotropies, such as early Paleozoic metamorphic fabrics and Cretaceous normal faults, has been proposed to have profoundly affected deformation processes in the Santa Bárbara System, other mechanisms involving Mesozoic and Cenozoic cover rocks may also have played an important role in orogenic deformation in this sector of the Andean foreland. We present structural field observations, interpretations of seismic reflection profiles, and kinematic modeling from the basins bordering the Candelaria Range in the southern sector of the Santa Bárbara System at 26°S. Our analysis features a 110-km-long structural cross section that images and links deep-seated structures with shallow neotectonic faults. We find that regional shortening has been facilitated by several faults associated with a regional detachment at a depth of 23 km, resulting in total horizontal shortening of about 17% (18.4 km). While the deep-seated first-order structures seem closely linked to seismogenic processes in the Andean foreland, shallow second-order structures within the sedimentary cover modify the intermontane landscapes and appear to be associated with aseismic creep. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Were metal tweezers exclusively used as hair removers in the Central Andes?(Universidad Catolica del Norte, 2024-01-01)In the central Andean territory, tweezers have been made from metals since the Early Horizon period (800-200 B.C.). In pre-Hispanic funerary contexts, they are usually associated with males and were long thought to be used mainly for hair removal since that is how they appear in colonial written and iconographic sources and on pre-Hispanic ceramics. However, significant evidence allows us to verify multiple uses. This article reviews cases reported in the archaeological bibliography and museum records where tweezers are connected to several functions, including textiles, fishing, facial cleansing and, possibly, pre-Hispanic metallurgy. Likewise, we present ethnographic data and primary sources on tweezer use. This data contributes to understanding their various functions and meanings. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Colors of the Empire: Assessing Techno-Decorative Innovations in Local, Hybrid and Intrusive Ceramic Pigments Within the Wari Interaction Spheres, Peru(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-08-01)Ancient empires developed diverse strategies of political and cultural domination in their conquered territories. One such strategy involved introducing imperially branded goods that reinforced a legitimizing ideology. The appearance of intrusive styles may be an indicator of political dominance; however, the introduction of new technologies is a stronger indicator of interpersonal engagement between people in the empire's core and dominated regions. In this paper, we specifically focus on innovations in colors, pigments, and decoration of intrusive, local, and hybrid ceramic styles resulting from the interaction between the Wari Empire (600–1050 CE) of the Central Andes and local societies from the north and south coast of Peru. These innovations can be documented long after the Wari influence faded in each region. By integrating archaeological and archaeometric perspectives, we examine techno-decorative innovations among locally produced pottery within the imperial interaction spheres. This paper presents and compares the results of chemical and mineral analyses conducted on samples of pigments on decorated ceramics from the Valleys of Jequetepeque, Nasca, and Moquegua. Results indicate that Wari could have directly promoted the circulation of specific ceramic pigments that guaranteed a particular “Wari experience of color.” We argue that an inter-site approach to the study of colors, pigments, and decoration can better contribute to the understanding of politics and ceramic production relationships, religious syncretism, and cultural change in the Andean past. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Hydrological Impacts of Dam Regulation for Hydropower Production: The Case of Lake Sibinacocha, Southern Peru(Elsevier B.V., 2023-04-01)Study region: Vilcanota-Urubamba river basin, Southern Peru. Study focus: Hydraulic infrastructure plays a fundamental role for energy production, drinking and irrigation water storage and flood control in regions with seasonal river flow. The high-Andean Lake Sibinacocha has been regulated since 1988 to increase energy production of the Machupicchu hydropower plant. In this study, river streamflow changes are evaluated by analyzing precipitation and discharge trends using indicators of hydrologic alteration and ecoflow for natural (1965–1987) and altered (1988–2016) flow regimes. New hydrological insights for the region: For the altered flow regime, an ecodeficit of about 20% (compared to natural river flow) and an ecosurplus > 30% were found during the wet season (December-February) and dry season (June-August), respectively. These changes have reduced the risk of water shortage (dry season) and flood (wet season) and contribute to increasing water use including hydropower production, irrigation and drinking water. However, river alteration might lead to considerable impacts on riverine ecosystems. Despite major limitations related to data scarcity and complex environmental processes in the basin, our results highlight the usefulness of combined methods of hydrological alteration and ecoflow to effectively evaluate water regime changes in regulated basins. An integrated scientific approach is necessary to address uncertainties and develop meaningful future water availability scenarios that guide hydropower projects with improved water and energy security considering minimal impacts on human and natural systems. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Lithium mica clasts document magmatic evolution prior to eruption in the macusani volcanic field in peru(Nature Portfolio, 2025-12-01)Typically found in rare-metal granites and pegmatites, lithium micas are increasingly considered a resource for lithium as global demand surges. In a recently discovered major lithium resource within the Macusani Volcanic Field in Peru, lithium mica crystal clasts hosted by a tuffaceous mudstone represent an important ore constituent. The mm-scale mica clasts comprise a zinnwaldite core and a lepidolite rim. Compositionally similar to micas in global peraluminous, rare-metal-rich leucogranites and LCT pegmatites, they exhibit enrichment in incompatible, fluid-mobile lithophile elements relative to micas in other volcanogenic and intrusive units in the Macusani Volcanic Field. The compositions of the mica crystal clasts record high degrees of magmatic differentiation and exsolution of a magmatic vapor phase during their crystallization in a ligand-rich, peraluminous crystal mush. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of zinnwaldite-lepidolite crystal clasts reveals cooling between 8823 ± 9 and 8717 ± 44 ka, coinciding with a regional magmatic lull in the Central Andes of southern Peru. A general slowdown in magmatic activity and a hiatus in volcanism may have contributed to extreme differentiation and pre-eruptive volatile build-up. This study provides crucial insights for lithium exploration, highlighting volcanogenic-sedimentary lithium mica deposits as a promising exploration target in peraluminous volcanic fields.5