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Item type:Publication, How the perception of corruption shapes the willingness to bribe: Evidence from an online experiment(Oxford University Press, 2024-01-01)Does the perception of corruption shape the willingness to bribe? This study evaluates the socio-psychological determinants of corruption by measuring how different types of messages influence the probability of engaging in corruption for access to public health, social programs, and official documents. This research uses the social norms approach to explore the link among messaging, perception, and behavior. An online experiment was conducted in Peru for two weeks between October and November 2021, using social media (Facebook) to recruit participants (n = 2584). The participants were divided into two treatment groups and one control group. Those in the treatment groups received informational displays on (i) the perception of corruption as widespread in the public sector (descriptive norm) or (ii) corruption as morally wrong (injunctive norm). The control group did not receive a message. Exposure to messages on corruption increased the overall probability of engaging in corruption. Unexpectedly, those in the injunctive norm group increased their willingness to bribe. Furthermore, this study also found significant differences in bribing behavior based on the different types of public service, gender, and age. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Economic inequalities in adolescents’ internalising symptoms: Longitudinal evidence from eight countries(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-11-01)Research, mainly conducted in Europe and North America, has shown an inequitable burden of internalising mental health problems among adolescents from poorer households. We investigated whether these mental health inequalities differ across a diverse range of countries and multiple measures of economic circumstances. Methods: In this longitudinal observational cohort study, we analysed data from studies conducted in eight countries (Australia, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, the UK, and Viet Nam) across five global regions. All studies had self-reported measures of internalising symptoms using a validated scale at two timepoints in adolescence; a measure of household income, household consumption expenditure, or subjective wealth; and data collected between 2000 and 2019. Household income (measured in four countries), consumption expenditure (six countries), and adolescents’ subjective assessment of household wealth (five countries) were measured in mid-adolescence (14–17 years). The primary outcome (internalising symptoms, characterised by negative mood, affect, and anxiety) was measured later in adolescence between age 17 and 19 years. Analyses were linear regression models with adjustment. Effect estimates were added to random-effects meta-analyses to aid understanding of cross-country differences. Findings: The overall pooled sample of eight studies featured 18 910 adolescents (9568 [50·6%] female and 9342 [49·4%] male). Household income had a small or null association with adolescents’ internalising symptoms. Heterogeneity (I2 statistic) was 71·04%, falling to 39·71% after adjusting for baseline symptoms. Household consumption expenditure had a stronger association with internalising symptoms (decreases of 0·075 SD in Peru [95% CI –0·136 to –0·013], 0·034 SD in South Africa [–0·061 to –0·006], and 0·141 SD in Viet Nam [–0·202 to –0·081] as household consumption expenditure doubled). The I2 statistic was 74·24%, remaining similar at 74·83% after adjusting for baseline symptoms. Adolescents’ subjective wealth was associated with internalising symptoms in four of the five countries where it was measured. The I2 statistic was 57·09% and remained similar after adjusting for baseline symptoms (53·25%). We found evidence for cross-country differences in economic inequalities in adolescents’ internalising symptoms, most prominently for inequalities according to household consumption expenditure. Subjective wealth explained greater variance in symptoms compared with the objective measures. Interpretation: Our study suggests that economic inequalities in adolescents’ mental health are prevalent in many but not all countries and vary by the economic measure considered. Variation in the magnitude of inequalities suggests that the wider context within countries plays an important role in the development of these inequalities. Funding: Wellcome Trust. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Introducing the cognitive-emotional technology acceptance model (CETAM): preliminary evidence from banking chatbot users(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2026-01-01)This study proposes and validates the Cognitive-Emotional Technology Acceptance Model (CETAM), a framework that integrates cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors to explain the adoption of banking chatbots. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted with 231 banking chatbot users across six Latin American countries. A multi-method SEM approach was employed: partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (SmartPLS 4.0) for predictive evaluation (R2, Q2, f2, 5000-resample bootstrap) and covariance-based (CB-SEM) [Jeffreys's Amazing Statistics Program/Maximum Likelihood Robust (JASP/MLR)] for confirmatory fit assessment [Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR)]. Psychometric validation confirmed reliability (a, CR > 0.70), convergent validity (average variance extracted (AVE) >0.50) and discriminant validity (heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) <0.85, Fornell–Larcker). Common method bias/variance (CMB/CMV) was assessed via Harman's single-factor test (first factor: 49.15% < 50% threshold; Bozionelos and Simmering, 2022). Mediation effects were tested using bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. Findings An online survey was conducted with 231 users of banking chatbots in six Latin American countries. The study employed a multi-method SEM approach: PLS-SEM (SmartPLS 4.0) for predictive evaluation (R2, Q2, f2, bootstrap routes with 5,000 resamples) and CB-SEM (JASP/MLR) for confirmatory theoretical testing and overall fit assessment (CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR). Rigorous psychometric validation ensured reliability (a, CR > 0.70), convergent validity (AVE >0.50) and discriminant validity (HTMT <0.85, Fornell-Larcker criterion). CMB/CMV were assessed via Harman's single-factor test, with the first unrotated factor accounting for 49.15% of total variance, below the recommended 50% threshold. Mediation effects were examined using bootstrap with bias correction and confidence intervals. Research limitations/implications While the CETAM demonstrates strong explanatory power for banking chatbots, its generalizability to other financial technologies requires further testing. The model may be more applicable to high-risk financial decisions than to routine transactions. Future research should incorporate more differentiated emotional states beyond trust, employ experimental designs to map cognitive-emotional causal pathways and test the model with balanced, multinational samples to examine actual technology use within the cognitive-emotional-behavioral process. Practical implications The CETAM provides banking institutions with a structured implementation framework that prioritizes interventions according to their psychological impact. Banking institutions should prioritize building trust and omnichannel access when implementing chatbots, as these factors show the greatest psychological impact. Structural safeguards should follow, while traditional usability features are secondary. This suggests a strategic reorientation: first establish emotional trust and contextual reliability, and then introduce functional benefits within this secure framework. Marketing and onboarding messages should reflect the CETAM cognitive-emotional sequence – addressing security and accessibility concerns before highlighting usability – to align with customers' psychological adoption process. Originality/value This study presents CETAM, an integrated framework that systematically combines cognitive, emotional and behavioral factors to explain the adoption of banking chatbots. Through validation using a multi-method SEM approach, it demonstrates the primacy of trust as an emotional factor preceding chatbot usage intentions. The CETAM's theoretical innovation lies not merely in adding emotional constructs to existing models but in reconceptualizing the acceptance process itself as a sequential cognitive-emotional cascade, coherent with Lazarus's (1991) proposition that cognitive appraisals serve as the foundation for emotional and behavioral responses.