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Item type:Publication, Teaching capacity of remote and robotic observing facilities for universities and high schools(Cambridge University Press, 2024-08-01)This article reports on the Focus Meeting on using remote and robotic telescope networks for high-school and undergraduate students in STEM education. The meeting explored how increased accessibility to these telescopes transforms science education, enabling hands-on, observation-based learning that builds STEM interest and critical thinking. With insights from over 50 global experts, the article summarizes best practices, challenges, and leading programmes. Key topics included cataloging accessible telescopes, assessing educational impacts, and fostering international collaboration to expand telescope networks, especially in underserved regions. While projects worldwide were presented and discussed, special attention was given to Africa’s educational landscape, underscoring the importance of hosting the IAU General Assembly there for the first time. The article concludes with recommendations and resources, highlighting robotic telescopes as vital tools to inspire and engage students with the universe. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Σ(1385)± Resonance Production in Pb–Pb Collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV(Institute for Ionics, 2023-05-01)Hadronic resonances are used to probe the hadron gas produced in the late stage of heavy-ion collisions since they decay on the same timescale, of the order of 1–10 fm/c, as the decoupling time of the system. In the hadron gas, (pseudo)elastic scatterings among the products of resonances that decayed before the kinetic freeze-out and regeneration processes counteract each other, the net effect depending on the resonance lifetime, the duration of the hadronic phase, and the hadronic cross sections at play. In this context, the Σ (1385) ± particle is of particular interest as models predict that regeneration dominates over rescattering despite its relatively short lifetime of about 5.5 fm/c. The first measurement of the Σ (1385) ± resonance production at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector is presented in this Letter. The resonances are reconstructed via their hadronic decay channel, Λ π , as a function of the transverse momentum (pT) and the collision centrality. The results are discussed in comparison with the measured yield of pions and with expectations from the statistical hadronization model as well as commonly employed event generators, including PYTHIA8/Angantyr and EPOS3 coupled to the UrQMD hadronic cascade afterburner. None of the models can describe the data. For Σ (1385) ± , a similar behaviour as K ∗(892) is observed in data unlike the predictions of EPOS3 with afterburner.8 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Reconstruction of Interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP Detector with Pandora(Institute for Ionics, 2023-07-01)The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/c charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1 ± 0.6 % and 84.1 ± 0.6 %, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Neutrino interaction vertex reconstruction in DUNE with Pandora deep learning(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025-06-01)The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries perform reconstruction of neutrino interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, which will operate four large-scale liquid argon time projection chambers at the far detector site in South Dakota, producing high-resolution images of charged particles emerging from neutrino interactions. While these high-resolution images provide excellent opportunities for physics, the complex topologies require sophisticated pattern recognition capabilities to interpret signals from the detectors as physically meaningful objects that form the inputs to physics analyses. A critical component is the identification of the neutrino interaction vertex. Subsequent reconstruction algorithms use this location to identify the individual primary particles and ensure they each result in a separate reconstructed particle. A new vertex-finding procedure described in this article integrates a U-ResNet neural network performing hit-level classification into the multi-algorithm approach used by Pandora to identify the neutrino interaction vertex. The machine learning solution is seamlessly integrated into a chain of pattern-recognition algorithms. The technique substantially outperforms the previous BDT-based solution, with a more than 20% increase in the efficiency of sub-1 cm vertex reconstruction across all neutrino flavours.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Multimuons in cosmic-ray events as seen in ALICE at the LHC(Institute of Physics, 2025)ALICE is a large experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Located 52 meters underground, its detectors are suitable to measure muons produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. In this paper, the studies of the cosmic muons registered by ALICE during Run 2 (2015–2018) are described. The analysis is limited to multimuon events defined as events with more than four detected muons (Nμ > 4) and in the zenith angle range 0◦ < θ < 50◦. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations using three of the main hadronic interaction models describing the air shower development in the atmosphere: QGSJET-II-04, EPOS-LHC, and SIBYLL 2.3d. The interval of the primary cosmic-ray energy involved in the measured muon multiplicity distribution is about 4×10¹⁵ < Eᵨᵣᵢₘ < 6×10¹⁶ eV. In this interval none of the three models is able to describe precisely the trend of the composition of cosmic rays as the energy increases. However, QGSJET-II-04 is found to be the only model capable of reproducing reasonably well the muon multiplicity distribution, assuming a heavy composition of the primary cosmic rays over the whole energy range, while SIBYLL 2.3d and EPOS-LHC underpredict the number of muons in a large interval of multiplicity by more than 20% and 30%, respectively. The rate of high muon multiplicity events (Nμ > 100) obtained with QGSJET-II-04 and SIBYLL 2.3d is compatible with the data, while EPOS-LHC produces a significantly lower rate (55% of the measured rate). For both QGSJET-II-04 and SIBYLL 2.3d, the rate is close to the data when the composition is assumed to be dominated by heavy elements, an outcome compatible with the average energy Eᵨᵣᵢₘ ∼ 10¹⁷ eV of these events. This result places significant constraints on more exotic production mechanisms.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Exploring nuclear structure with multiparticle azimuthal correlations at the LHC(Elsevier, 2025)Details of the nuclear structure of 129Xe, such as the quadrupole deformation and the nuclear diffuseness, are studied by extensive measurements of anisotropic-flow-related observables in Xe–Xe collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √𝑠 NN = 5.44 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The results are compared with those from Pb–Pb collisions at √𝑠 NN = 5.02 TeV for a baseline, given that the 208Pb nucleus exhibits a very weak deformation. Furthermore, comprehensive comparisons are performed with a state-of-the-art hybrid model using IP-Glasma+MUSIC+UrQMD. It is found that among various IP-Glasma+MUSIC+UrQMD calculations with different values of nuclear parameters, the one using a nuclear diffuseness parameter of 𝑎0 = 0.492 and a nuclear quadrupole deformation parameter of 𝛽2 = 0.207 provides a better description of the presented flow measurements. These studies represent the first systematic exploration of nuclear structure at TeV energies, utilizing a comprehensive set of anisotropic flow observables. The measurements serve as a critical experimental ben2