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Item type:Publication, Preferential Liberalization, Antidumping, and Safeguards: Stumbling Block Evidence from MERCOSUR(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2016-05)There is not yet consensus in the trade agreements literature as to whether preferential liberalization leads to more or less multilateral liberalization. However, research thus far has focused mostly on tariff measures of import protection. We develop more comprehensive measures of trade policy that include the temporary trade barrier (TTB) policies of antidumping and safeguards; studies in other contexts have also shown how these policies can erode some of the trade liberalization gains that arise when examining tariffs alone. We examine the experiences of Argentina and Brazil during the formation of the MERCOSUR over 1990-2001, and we find that an exclusive focus on applied tariffs may lead to a mischaracterization of the relationship between preferential liberalization and liberalization toward non-member countries. First, any ‘building block’ evidence that arises by focusing on tariffs during the period in which MERCOSUR was only a free trade area can disappear once we also include changes in import protection that arise through TTBs. Furthermore, there is also evidence of a ‘stumbling block’ effect of preferential tariff liberalization for the period in which MERCOSUR became a customs union, and this result tends to strengthen upon inclusion of TTBs. Finally, we also provide a first empirical examination of whether market power motives can help explain the patterns of changes to import protection that are observed in these settings. Aún no hay un consenso en la literatura sobre acuerdos comerciales con respecto a si la liberalización preferencial conlleva a más o a menos liberalización multilateral. Sin embargo, hasta ahora las investigaciones se han enfocado mayormente en medidas arancelarias de protección a las importaciones. En este estudio desarrollamos medidas de política comercial más completas que incluyen las políticas de barreras temporales al comercio (BTC) de antidumping y salvaguardias; estudios en otros contextos también han mostrado cómo estas políticas pueden erosionar parte de las ganancias de la liberalización comercial que surgen cuando se examinan sólo los aranceles. Examinamos las experiencias de Argentina y Brasil durante la formación del MERCOSUR en 1990-2001, y hallamos que un enfoque exclusivo en aranceles aplicados puede llevar a una caracterización equívoca de la relación entre liberalización preferencial y liberalización hacia países no miembros. Primeramente, cualquier evidencia de “building block” que surge al enfocarse en aranceles durante el periodo en el que MERCOSUR fue sólo un área de libre comercio puede desaparecer cuando también incluimos cambios en la protección a las importaciones que ocurren a través de BTC. Además, hay evidencia de un efecto de “stumbling block” de la liberalización comercial arancelaria para el periodo en el cual MEROCUSR se volvió una unión aduanera, y este resultado tiende a fortalecerse con la inclusión de BTC. Finalmente, también proveemos una primera evaluación empírica sobre si motivos de poder de mercado pueden ayudar a explicar los patrones de los cambios en la protección a las importaciones que se observan en estos escenarios. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Rediscovery and confirmation of the presence of Pycnophyllum macropetalum (Caryophyllaceae) for the Argentinian flora(Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, 2024-07-29)Pycnophyllum macropetalum Matff. is a species originally described for the Andes of Chile which has also been collected in Bolivia and in Argentina. Presence of P. macropetalum in Argentina is based on a single sterile specimen collected in 1945. For this reason, and because P. macropetalum is morphologically very similar to P. molle, the species was excluded from the Argentinian Flora; however, recently, a population of P. macropetalum has been found in the province of Jujuy (Argentina). Therefore, the objective of this work is to describe and to illustrate this species, to provide environmental notes about the habitat where it was found, and to provide a map of the geographic distribution of the species for Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. Furthermore, based on molecular analyzes of the collected specimen, the morphological identification is corroborated, and the monophyly of the genus is confirmed. Finally, a dichotomous key is provided to differentiate the four Pycnophyllum species recorded in Argentina. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Frustrated Visit of the British Frigate HMS Montrose to Peru in 2012: An Explanation From the Decision-Making Process(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2026-09-01)Considering the Peruvian state's position on the Malvinas issue, the authorization and subsequent cancellation of the visit of the British frigate HMS Montrose in 2012 revealed institutional constraints and tensions. Based on a case study built from official sources, interviews, and statements, a classical theoretical approach using the Organizational and Bureaucratic Models is used to analyze the role of the main public actors involved in the decision-making process. In this sense, it is argued that the authorization followed institutional routines with little interaction between sectors, while the cancellation expressed a conflictive bureaucratic dynamic in which the Foreign Ministry was able to impose its position. The analysis also shows how Peruvian foreign policy decision-making operates under a high level of fragmentation, sectoral logics, unclear rules, and important power asymmetries between actors. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, From aspirational laws to the implementation of legislation against gender-based violence: bottom-up pressure in Peru and Argentina(2025-03-15)Gender-based violence is a rampant problem in Latin American countries. Historically, state policy to prevent and sanction it has developed slowly, usually having limited impact because of a lack of resources and political will. While the process of policy adoption involved feminist organizations and international norms diffusion, little is known about when and why policy to address gender-based violence can become a political priority. Based on a comparative case study of Peru and Argentina, we show that sustained mass mobilization was the key variable marking a turning point in both countries in state capacity building in that domain. The latter was importantly enhanced as a consequence of the Ni Una Menos protests. Through process-tracing analysis, we show that there was a substantial increase in state resources and personnel, as well as institutional innovation. This transformation occurred in response to the unprecedented mass mobilization of various sectors of society.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, El impacto de Netflix en el turismo audiovisual: El Eternauta y Cien años de soledad(University of La Laguna, 2026-06-12)Introducción: Se estudia el impacto en el turismo audiovisual en Argentina y Colombia de las series de Netflix El Eternauta y Cien años de Soledad a partir de tres aspectos: generación de empleo vinculado al turismo; aporte económico de las producciones al sector audiovisual y el desarrollo de estrategias destinadas al fomento del turismo cultural. Adicionalmente, se estudió el rol que Netflix asigna al turismo en su comunicación corporativa. Metodología: Se toma la perspectiva de la economía política de las comunicaciones y el análisis de prensa para conocer prácticas y discursos empresariales. Resultados: las producciones tienen un peso significativo en el sector audiovisual por su contribución económica y por la generación de empleo vinculado al turismo. Además se desarrollaron estrategias de promoción del turismo audiovisual en ambos países. A nivel discursivo, la empresa enfatiza en el eje de impacto económico y territorial donde incluye empleo local y turismo. Discusión: el aporte del sector público fue central para las producciones y tuvo correlato en el desarrollo de estrategias de turismo con distinto alcance. El énfasis de Netflix en sus notas de prensa se refuerza mediante la estrategia de alianzas con organismos internacionales con incidencia en temas económicos, turísticos y culturales. Conclusiones: El trabajo exhibe oportunidades del rol de Netflix como dinamizador del sector audiovisual y del turismo. También demuestra la centralidad del fomento público para la producción y el desarrollo del turismo audiovisual. Por eso se plantea la necesidad de un modelo mixto donde convivan lo público y lo privado.