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    A South-South perspective on emerging economy companies and institutional coevolution: An empirical study of Chinese multinationals in Africa
    (Elsevier, 2020-05-10)
    In this paper, we show how international tenders act as defining moments in building asymmetric coevolution-based mechanisms between Chinese multinational enterprises and local institutions in developing African countries. We used a case study methodology to explore how three Chinese multinationals – Citic, Sinopec, and Chinalco – developed non-market relations with the institutions of three African countries, namely, Algeria, Gabon and the Republic of Guinea, both during and after the submission of international tenders, to win strategic contracts and securely embed the company in question within the target host country. We found that Chinese companies not only submit tenders, but also develop multiple kinds of alliances in order to influence local institutions over the long term, transplant new business practices and standards, and expand in an unparalleled way, with host-country institutions and Chinese MNEs acting as partners in the new ecosystem. Based on our findings, we propose a model which highlights the specific mechanisms through which successful coevolution processes emerge and prosper between Chinese multinationals and developing country institutions. This study contributes to the international management literature by extending the field of institutional theory to co-evolutionism in international business.
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    Vulnerability as a Business Outcome: Evidence from a Global Platform-Work Across Africa, Latin America, and North America
    (Taylor & Francis, 2026-01-01)
    Platform-mediated work has become a defining feature of global labor markets, yet research continues to conceptualize worker vulnerability primarily as an individual condition or an unintended by-product of regulatory gaps. Drawing on international business theory, this study reconceptualizes vulnerability as a business outcome of platform internationalization. Following an inductive qualitative research and semi-structured interviews with 30 tutors working on a global online tutoring platform across Latin America, Africa, and North America, the study examines how standardized platform governance mechanisms generate and stabilize vulnerability across heterogeneous institutional contexts. The findings show that platform practices such as unpaid trial work, pricing architectures, ratings-based visibility, and unilateral enforcement systematically externalize economic and social risks onto workers. Vulnerability persists not because workers are unaware of these risks, but because platform-provided economic and organizational advantages such as relative income gains, flexibility, global market access, and purpose-driven work, function as stabilization mechanisms that sustain participation. Latin America emerges as a critical explanatory context where weak institutional buffers and limited labor market alternatives intensify dependence on platform income, rendering vulnerability a durable condition rather than a transitional state. By demonstrating how standardized platform governance interacts with institutional asymmetries to produce uneven vulnerability outcomes, this study advances international business research on gig multinational platforms and highlights the social consequences of scalable global business models in Latin America and beyond.