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Item type:Publication, Adaptation to climate change induced water stress in major glacierized mountain regions(Taylor & Francis, 2021-09-01)Mountains are a critical source of water. Cryospheric and hydrological changes in combination with socio-economic development are threatening downstream water security triggering the need for effective adaptation responses. Here, we present a global systematic review (83 peer-reviewed articles) that assesses different water-related stressors and the adaptation responses to manage water stress in major glaciated mountain regions. Globally, agriculture (42%), tourism (12%), hydropower (8%) and health and safety (4%) are among the main sectors affected by hydrological and cryospheric changes . A broad set of adaptation measures has already been implemented in the world’s mountain regions. We find that globally the most commonly used adaptation practices correspond to the improvement of water storage infrastructure (13%), green infrastructure (9.5%), agricultural practices (17%), water governance and policies (21%), disaster risk reduction (9.5%) and economic diversification (10%). Successful implementation of adaptation measures is limited by reduced stakeholder capacities, collaboration and financial resources, and policies and development. To overcome these limitations, funding for climate change adaptation and development programmes in mountains and trust-building measures such as shared stakeholder activities need to be strengthened. Local awareness raising of both, the adverse effects of climate change and potentially positive implications of specific adaptation measures can help to support successful adaptation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Local social-ecological context explains seasonal rural-rural migration of the poorest in south-west Bangladesh(Public Library of Science, 2024-03-01)Bangladesh is one of the countries most affected by climate change. Internal migration is often presented as a response to environmental degradation. Here, using a people-centred perspective, we explore the complexity of the links between climate-induced change, environmental degradation caused by waterlogging and seasonal rural migration. We used an inductive qualitative approach in social sciences, conducting fourteen semi-directed interviews and six focus group discussions in March-April 2022. We related those results to a rainfall analysis on CHIRPS data for 1981-2021and we represented interactions and feedback between changes and livelihoods in a model. A complex picture of the situation is emerging, showing the interweaving effects of non-climatic and climatic changes, their interplay at different scales, their cumulative effects, the interactions between livelihood types and feedback between social and natural systems. Most of the climate-induced changes gradually become noticeable over the past 25 years. Climate data confirm these changes in recent decades, with July being wetter and January being dryer. Villagers reported waterlogging as the most significant change in their community, pointing to its multiple causes, originating in non-local and local, non-climatic anthropic changes, exacerbated by shrimp farm enclosures and worsened by climate-induced changes such as heavier rains, wetter monsoons and cyclones. Tiger prawn farms, reported as a lucrative and local adaptation to waterlogging and salinisation for the ones who can afford it, worsen the situation for the less wealthy, causing waterlogging and salinisation of the adjacent agricultural lands and buildings, the disappearance of traditional fishing and a reduction of the local job market. In addition, erratic rain patterns, droughts and cyclones affect local production and labour markets. COVID-19 lockdowns, by impacting markets and mobilities, further aggravated the situation. Inequality has increased as the range of adaptations of the less wealthy appears limited in this context of multiple crises. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Feeding Behaviour and Food Preferences of Native and Introduced Snail Species from the Lomas Formations, Threatened Seasonal Fog Oases(Elsevier GmbH, 2023-09-01)The Lomas formations are ephemeral seasonal oases found along the Pacific arid coast of South America. Whereas fast-growing plants are characteristic in the Lomas, other organisms such as land snails are also conspicuous. In the Lomas, several snails can occur sympatrically and therefore they might have adapted their food requirements to the limited available items while avoiding competing for food (resource partitioning). Since the dietary items and food preferences of Lomas’ snails are almost completely unknown, our study aimed to document these in three snails occurring sympatrically, two native (Succinea peruviana and Bostryx conspersus) and one introduced (Cornu aspersum) species in Lomas de Lucumo, a threatened Lomas from Central Peru. We recorded the snails’ activity, host, and food items. We also carried out dual-choice bioassays to evaluate the feeding preferences of B. conspersus and C. aspersum when offered leaf disks of the two dominant plant Lomas species, Senecio abadianus and Sicyos baderoa. Whereas we were unable to record any food item used by C. aspersum, we recorded the two native Lomas species (B. conspersus and S. peruviana) having contrasting patterns of feeding as they were on different hosts (plants vs soil) and food items (vascular plants vs. lichens/organic material/mosses/algae). Although the feeding preferences were similar between B. conspersus and C. aspersum (i.e., both species preferred the leaves of Si. baderoa over Se. abadianus), C. aspersum, after feeding stimulation, consumed significantly less leaf area of Se. abadianus than B. conspersus. Sicyos individuals are fast-growing plants and might be less herbivore-resistant, while Senecio species are characterized to produce defensive alkaloids which make plants less palatable. Our results indicate that Lomas’ snail species have evolved distinct trophic niches by partitioning the limited food resources and native herbivorous species are better adapted to feed on Lomas’ native plants given their common evolutionary history. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Basic Concepts of Ecology Applied on the Neotropic Ecosystems(2023-01-01)This chapter revises the basic concepts of ecology with emphasis on ecosystems and species adaptations. It includes concepts of ecology applied to the study of ecosystems and describes their physical and biological structure. It studies biotic communities, populations, individual species, and their influence on biodiversity with emphasis on the neotropical environments. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Adaptación de la escala de sentido de capacidad para estudiantes peruanos(Universidad de San Martín de Porres, 2023-12-30)Background: The sense of capability scale, originally validated in French university students (Drouin & Costalat-Founeau, 2020), measures people’s subjective representation of their own capacities and theirperceptions of what others think about them. The aim of this study is to adapt the scale for university students in Lima, Peru and to analyze its psychometric properties. Method: 516 students from a private university completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis and correlations were used to determine evidence of validity. Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega were used to evaluate reliability. Results: Contrary to the original 2-factor structure, our results suggested a single-factor solution that explained 52% of the variance; the items had high loadings. The model was confirmed by a best fit (χ2 = 362.84; df = 35; p < .001; CFI = .99; TLI = .98; SRMR = .06; RMSEA = .10). A moderate positive correlation was found with positive affect and flourishing, as well as a moderate negative correlation with negative affect. There were no significantdifferences by sex, level, and career type. Conclusion: The new version of the scale shows evidence of adequate validity and reliability (α = .88) in students of a private university in Lima, Peru. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, SPEAKING AND ADAPTATION, OR COMMUNICATIVE INTENT: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF WRITTEN SPANISH IN THE AMERICAS(University of La Laguna, 2026-06-17)This brief work demonstrates how adaptation manifests itself in three text types and three distinct contexts. The first corresponds to a chronicler; the second comprises texts written in contact situations, in which the writer must use a language they do not fully master and strives for clarity; the third corresponds to a novelist perfectly proficient in Spanish who seeks to simulate oral forms foreign to the expected patterns of a work written in Spanish. The central theme of the work is the desire to communicate as the driving force behind the creation of novelties in discourse. The influence of the audience is emphasized. This text also aims to contribute to the history of written Spanish in the Americas. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Manufacturing ignorance or dealing with complexity? Adaptation politics and the making of river futures in Colombia(Elsevier BV, 2025-07-15)Futures are not neutral. Imagining certain futures over others is deeply political and rooted in specific imaginaries. We address this issue by scrutinizing dominant future-making processes in riverine change adaptation and elucidate power structures that shape such processes. We describe what future-making processes ground the implementation of adaptation projects, what knowledge strategies are used to (attempt to) ensure certain futures, and what knowledges are actively ignored and marginalized by dominant future-makers and adaptation implementers. To scrutinize dominance in futures and adaptation, we build upon power dynamics of truth regimes in river imaginaries and critiques of modernism in which we highlight how knowing, and not-knowing, are actively produced through manufactured ignorance. We build our understanding of manufactured ignorance by introducing the notion of Hirschman's hiding hand principle which fundamentally suggests that failure to anticipate unintended consequences and unforeseen complexities is a good thing. We problematize this logic and describe the devastating and violent effects in a case study context of the Lower Magdalena River in Colombia, specifically in the Zapatosa wetland. Our findings suggest that the different futures and adaptation actions resonate with different imaginaries, namely a rooted-amphibian imaginary and an eco-modern imaginary. We suggest that manufactured ignorance, as a part of eco-modernism, leads to increased tensions in the case study area, produces deliberate claims of not-knowing and actively marginalizes those involved with alternative future-making practices. We conclude by arguing that this fundamental misrecognition of rooted imaginaries and related futures, rooted epistemic communities and adaptation practices face disproportionate epistemic and physical violence that is legitimized by the opposing (eco)modern imaginaries through the acceptance of manufactured ignorance.2