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    Una aproximación hacia la seguridad hídrica en los Andes tropicales: desafíos y perspectivas
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-08-31)
    The tropical Andes represent a key region in terms of biodiversity, cultural diversity, and multiple ecosystem services. They serve as the foundation for human subsistence for millions of inhabitants, which is increasingly affected by growing water insecurity due to the coupled impacts of land cover and climate changes. In recent years, important efforts focused on headwaters in highland areas, implementing payments for environmental services and natural infrastructure, have created several opportunities to address water insecurity in the tropical Andes. However, there is insufficient knowledge to assess levels of water security at spatio-temporal scales suitable for developing locally relevant adaptation strategies. This limitation is due to a scarcity of data combined with inconsistent concepts and metrics, and incomplete approaches to integrate all components of water security within a common framework. In addition, there is a need to align public policies that fit local needs. This study explores current limitations and prospects for studying and increasing water security in the region. The establishment of monitoring and data collection networks, including participatory and diverse knowledge designs, is crucial. Modeling water security modeling requires creating strong linkages between the different components of the water cycle and water users. These efforts should be integrated into a transdisciplinary collaborative framework involving science, policy, and community, faciliting effective, robust, and locally tailored adaptation pathways.
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    Actual y futura disponibilidad del agua en un contexto de inseguridad hídrica en la subcuenca de Parón, cuenca del río Santa, Perú
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-04-16)
    Water security in Andean watersheds depends on adaptive water management in the face of glaciohydrological and socioeconomic impacts. The Parón sub-basin in the Santa River basin (Ancash, Peru) is a suitable case in this respect. Water is regulated by a floodgate in the Parón lake, which has become a focal point of social conflict. This study analyzes the water balance of this sub-basin using a semi-distributed hydrological model for the present (2006-2016) and future (2030-2050), considering different scenarios of precipitation variation, glacial melting, and increased water demand. Without regulation of the lake, the sub-basin would enter into a strong water deficit in the dry months (June-August). Until 2030 (2050), assuming a maximum regulation of 2.6 m³/s, a 15% (35%) increase in precipitation, and a 10% (26%) decrease in the glacier contribution to the annual flow, water availability would be reduced by 37% (35%). In a pessimistic scenario with a 15% (35%) decrease in precipitation, water availability would still be reduced by 47% (56%) annually. These results highlight the need to keep a socially acceptable minimum water flow (>2 m³/s) to avoid critical levels of water scarcity in the dry months and to address the needs of local water users.
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