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Item type:Publication, Déficit fiscal, inflación, crecimiento y la política de gasto público, Perú: 1968 1988(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1989-07)En qué medida la actividad del gobierno en el Perú se ha traducido o no en un factor de estabilidad económica y de promoción del crecimiento es un tema importante que merece ser estudiado. El presente trabajo pretende dar respuesta (aunque en forma parcial) a esta cuestión. Para ello analiza dos relaciones, déficit fiscal e inflación, y gastos públicos y crecimiento económico. To what extent the Peruvian government’s policies have created or not economic stability and promoted growth is certainly an issue that deserves further analysis. This paper aims at providing a response, albeit a partial one, to this issue by looking into two relationships; namely, between the fiscal deficit and inflation, and government expenditure and economic growth. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The great recession: on the ineffectiveness of domestic adjustment policies and the need of multilateral arrangements(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2014)The Great Recession is the manifestation of some fundamental problems in the real sector of the global economy, related basically to the loss of competitiveness of the U.S. and other central economies reflected in continuous external disequilibria in the form of parallel current account deficits and financial account surpluses. Domestic monetary and fiscal (or domestic adjustment) policies are not working because we are dealing with a global problem that requires multilateral solutions allowing the adjustment of some fundamental relative prices and the closing of some key structural imbalances in order to make a sustainable recovery possible. Besides, the difficulties in finding and engineering a solution show the need to reassess the theoretical paradigms underlying the economic policies preceding the current crisis (e.g., supply-side economics). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ¿Puede una expansión fiscal ser contractiva?: la efectividad de la política fiscal y la sostenibilidad de la deuda pública(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2007)This paper presents a Keynesian effective demand model that reproduces expansive or contractive effects of an expansionary fiscal policy as a function of the initial conditions of the public finances. In an economy with fiscal slack, when observed primary surplus is above the optimal fiscal surplus level, expansive fiscal policy raises the level of economic activity. However, when there is no fiscal slackness, when the observed surplus is below the optimal surplus, a fiscal expansion may contract the level of economic activity. The outcome has implications for the debate about whether fiscal policy should be countercyclical or not. In the aforementioned scenery the countercyclical policy is appropriate only when there is fiscal slackness, but it is counterproductive, would aggravate the recession instead of ameliorating it, whenever at the initial point the observed fiscal surplus is below the optimal surplus level. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Tercera parte: Capítulo 8(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The third part, which consists of four chapters, presents the Mundell-Fleming model; the model of aggregate supply and demand; expectations and contracts as determinants of aggregate supply; the Phillips curve, and the model incorporating the Monetary Policy Reaction Function. The development of Mundell Fleming model is the main content of the eighth chapter. This model explains the conditions that allow the simultaneous achievement of internal and external equilibrium. To this end, the chapter includes some key concepts and identities to understand the functioning of an open economy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Segunda parte: Capítulo 7(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The seventh chapter presents the IS-LM model of simultaneous equilibrium in the goods and services market and the money market. IS-LM model determines the Aggregate Demand and, consequently, the level of output and employment, under the assumption of fixed prices or infinitely elastic Aggregate Supply. Then, it analyzes the effects of fiscal and monetary policies in the simultaneous equilibrium in both markets. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Tercera parte: Capítulo 11(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The third part, which consists of four chapters, presents the Mundell-Fleming model; the model of aggregate supply and demand; expectations and contracts as determinants of aggregate supply; the Phillips curve, and the model incorporating the Monetary Policy Reaction Function. This chapter studies the inverse relationship between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment well-known as the Phillips Curve. Then, it analyses the short-term equilibrium between inflation, output and unemployment; and by including the Monetary Policy Rule (or Taylor rule) into the IS curve, the chapter describes the meaning of the reaction function of the monetary policy. Finally, it studies the equilibrium, starting from simultaneous analysis of the Phillips Curve and this reaction function. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Cuarta parte: Capítulos 12, 13 y 14(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The fourth part, which consists of three chapters (12, 13 and 14), deals with macroeconomic policy in a full employment context. It analyses the labor market and its relationship with Aggregate Supply; then it presents the IS-LM model including this relation; and investment-saving relation in a full employment context. The twelfth chapter develops the link between employment and output in a flexible price economy, by studying the labor market and the production function. The thirteenth chapter presents the complete IS-LM model. This is the neoclassical synthesis model with flexible prices and full employment. It incorporates the neoclassical production function and the equations of supply and demand for labor. The fourteenth chapter examines the income-expenditure equilibrium in the (neo) classical model with flexible prices, and the investment-saving equilibrium for an open economy. It also emphasizes the importance of the role played by the interest rate in a model where the aggregate levels of expenditure and output don’t change, due to the full employment assumption. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Quinta parte: Capítulos 15, 16 y 17(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The fifth part, which consists of three chapters (15, 16 y 17), presents an introduction to the theory of economic growth. The fifteenth chapter presents a brief history of economic growth theory. Then, it analyzes the factors that determine the long-term behavior of aggregate and per capita output, and the main concepts of the theory of economic growth. The sixteenth chapter analyzes the Keynesian Harrod-Domar growth model and the neoclassical Solow growth model. These models were developed between the late thirties and the second half of the twentieth century. Both models assume the existence of dynamic long run equilibrium between savings and investment. The seventeenth chapter is an introduction to the theory of endogenous growth. In neoclassical growth models the growth of per capita output is explained by exogenous technological progress. The endogenous growth theory replaces the fundamental assumptions of the neoclassical growth theory to reach different conclusions and policy proposals. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Tercera parte: Capítulos 9 y 10(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The third part, which consists of four chapters, presents the Mundell-Fleming model; the model of aggregate supply and demand; expectations and contracts as determinants of aggregate supply; the Phillips curve, and the model incorporating the Monetary Policy Reaction Function. The ninth chapter analyses the determination of production in the medium term. Based on the equilibrium in the markets of goods and money, it adds an Aggregate Supply curve to the analysis of Aggregate Demand in an open economy with free capital mobility. The tenth chapter is a review of both the short and the long term, and of the differences of the economic policy effects in both time horizons. It also includes the concept of expectations in economic as a foundation of a new short term positively sloped Aggregate Supply curve. Finally, the chapter presents the contractions and expansions of output gaps, and the transition from short to long term equilibrium. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Segunda parte: Capítulo 6(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The sixth chapter introduces the concept of money and its functions, as well as supply for money, demand for money and equilibrium in money market.