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Item type:Publication, An Application of a Random Level Shifts Model to the Volatility of Peruvian Stock and Exchange Rates Returns(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2014)The literature has shown that the volatility of Stock and Forex rate market returns shows the characteristic of long memory. Another fact that is shown in the literature is that this feature may be spurious and volatility actually consists of a short memory process contaminated with random level shifts. In this paper, we follow the approach of Lu and Perron (2010) and Li and Perron (2013) estimating a model of random level shifts (RLS) to the logarithm of the absolute value of Stock and Forex returns. The model consists of the sum of a short term memory component and a component of level shifts. The second component is speci.ed as the cumulative sum of a process that is zero with probability 1- α and is a random variable with probability α. The results show that there are level shifts that are rare but once they are taken into account, the characteristic or property of long memory disappears. Also, the presence of GARCH e¤ects is eliminated when included or deducted level shifts. An exercise of out-of-sample forecasting shows that the RLS model has better performance than traditional models for modeling long memory such as the models ARFIMA (p,d,q). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, An Empirical Application of a Random Level Shifts Model with Time-Varying Probability and Mean Reversion to the Volatility of Latin-American Forex Markets Returns(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2016-03)Following Xu and Perron (2014), this paper uses daily data for six Forex Latin American markets. Four models of the family of the Random Level Shift (RLS) model are estimated: a basic model where probabilities of level shift are driven by a Bernouilli variable but probability is constant; a model where varying probabilities are allowed and introduced via past extreme returns; a model with mean reversion mechanism; and a model incorporating these two features. Our results prove three striking features: first, the four RLS models fit well the data, with almost all the estimates highly significant; second, the long memory property disappears completely from the ACF, including the GARCH effects; and third, the forecasting performance is much better for the RLS models against an overall of four competitor models: GARCH, FIGARCH and two ARFIMA models. Siguiendo el trabajo de Xu y Perron (2014), este documento utiliza datos diarios de volatilidades de retornos cambiarios para seis mercados de América Latina. Cuatro modelos del tipo Random Level Shifts (RLS) son estimados: un modelo básico donde las probabilidades de cambios de nivel son gobernadas por una variable del tipo Bernouilli pero dicha probabilidad es constante; un modelo donde las probabilidades son cambiantes en el tiempo y dependen de los retornos bursátiles extremos negativos del periodo anterior; un modelo con reversión a la media; y un modelo que incorpora los dos aspectos mencionados anteriormente. Los resultados sugieren tres importantes aspectos: el primero es que los cuatro modelos RLS ajustan bien los datos con prácticamente todos los estimados altamente significativos; segundo, la característica de larga memoria desaparece completamente de la ACF, incluyendo los efectos GARCH; y, tercero, la performance de los cuatro modelos en términos de predicción es buena contra diferentes modelos rivales como los modelos GARCH, FIGARCH, y dos modelos ARFIMA.