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Language: search.filters.language.SpanishSubject: search.filters.subject.Exclusión social--Perú

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    Reformas en sociedades desiguales. La experiencia peruana
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2001)
    First world countries are not only richer but also more egalitarian compared to the countries of the third world. Why this situation of the world economy is maintained, even in this period of increased globalization? What kind of reforms are needed so that the two groups of countries may converge? This book seeks answers to both questions. The author presents a new theory, a general theory of capitalism in its various forms: the theory of exclusion. This theory explains why the liberal reforms that have been implemented nearly worldwide in recent decades have not had the expected effects. The book examines the Peruvian experience to show, specifically, that the mechanisms that produce and reproduce inequality -the exclusion-mechanisms- cannot be changed through neo-liberal reforms. Nor through reforms that increase the relative weight of the state. To reduce inequality, which is the ultimate cause of social instability, and thus lay the foundation for sustained economic growth, other reforms are needed.
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    Exclusion and discrimination as sources of inter-ethnic inequality in Peru
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Económicas, Políticas y Antropológicas - CISEPA, 2006)
    According to the 2003 National Household Survey, mean labour income for an indigenous worker is only 56 percent of that for a non-indigenous worker. Studies of ethnic discrimination in Peru’s labour markets generally find that discrimination is too low to explain inequalities of this magnitude. However, Sigma Theory (Figueroa 2003) predicts that social exclusion is a source of inter-ethnic inequality, and that has not been empirically tested. The primary aim of this paper is to fill this gap by estimating the extent to which exclusion and discrimination contribute to income inequality. Hurdle models are used to tackle down econometric endogeneity of years of schooling and truncation-at-zero of incomes. The results imply that exclusion plays a stronger role on inequality than discrimination: Without exclusion, the Gini of labour income would be reduced from 0.64 to around 0.45, and without discrimination it would be reduced to around 0.50.