3. Producción
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Item type:Publication, Crecimiento y desarrollo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento Académico de Ciencias de la Gestión, 2023-10)In previous notes we have worked on the issue of GDP and inflation. I insisted that the GDP was not enough to measure human development. In this case, we deal with the steps taken to measure human development and incorporate the base capital, into the growth metric, which is what allows establishing the maximum production capacity. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Las teorías del desarrollo económico local y la teoría y práctica del proceso de descentralización en los países en desarrollo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2006)Since mid 1980s, the decentralization process has been launched once again in developing countries. This time caused by the lack of response of central governments to the needs of public infrastructure in local areas, and by a renewed demand from the population for more democratic systems and a greater participation in the governance of the local areas. Together to this process, specific local areas in developing countries have attempted some advances of the local economic development process. This paper presents a survey of the theoretical economic literature on these two processes. On the other hand, it summarizes the decentralization process experiences of 13 developing countries from Latin America, Asia and Africa regions. From the survey and the summary of experiences, this paper formulates a definition of local economic development that allows the differentiation of both processes. Thus, local economic development is a process that encompasses the decentralization process. To the extent this latter process creates an adequate government system (economic, administrative, political and sustainable) and consistent to the local economic development process, this will be necessary although not sufficient. To achieve the local economic development goals (i.e., raising continuously and sustainable the local areas living standards, generate employment, to use fully the human resources, and to eliminate the share of population living under poverty conditions), it is required the actions and interactions not only from the government structure but more importantly from other factors and agents considered in the local economic development literature. The agents and factor compositions and the types of actions and interactions will depend of the economic, social, political, geographic, culture and environmental conditions from each local area, in a given developing country. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La protección aduanera y el crecimiento económico(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1972)Trata las implicancias de la protección aduanera en el crecimiento económico, que de por sí tiene que ver con la industrialización dada las relaciones directas entre uno y otro como se verá en el desarrollo del documento. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Crecimiento y desindustrialización prematura en Perú. Un análisis Kaldoriano(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2017-07)The main purpose of this study is to show if the Peruvian manufacturing industry maintains its leadership in the process of economic growth and in the increase of labor productivity, after twenty-five years of reforms and neoliberal policies. The theoretical basis of this study is Kaldorian-Keynesian, according to which economic growth is determined primarily by demand factors. Kaldor’s laws, according to which the growth of manufacturing drives growth in GDP, the growth of labor productivity in manufacturing itself and in the economy as a whole, are statistically and econometrically evaluated. The period of analysis covers 65 years from 1950 to 2015, incorporating both the period of state-led industrialization and the twenty-five years of neoliberalism also led by the State. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Sobre escasez y libertad(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2009)Our objective is to explore the relation between scarcity and freedom as a partially different to the classic one opposing the first term to abundance. A more complete and substantive approach to scarcity should put us in contact with freedom. We will understand substantive as related to subsistence and to the reproduction of human life. Our proposal is to associate scarcity to economic activities as production, distribution and exchange to make more explicit such connection. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Development and freedom in Sen and Gutiérrez: religious and secular common grounds(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2002)It is often supposed that those who base their view of the world upon perceived religious truth and those who do not will be unable to engage in deep and mutual conversation, for their basic assumptions are just too different. In this paper I compare the views of Amartya Sen and Gustavo Gutiérrez on development and human freedom, finding them to share a very great deal in attitude, in fundamental concern, and in intellectual method, even though the former describes himself as without religion, while the latter is profoundly theological. This comparison is of interest and importance both in its own right and as an example of the way the theologically –minded can meaningfully converse with those who are not; more than converse, establish a common project or program. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Países sin futuro : ¿qué puede hacer la universidad?(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2006)El material es parte de los distintos esfuerzos que buscan convertir a las universidades de países pobres, como el Perú, en instituciones que contribuyan de manera clara a la mejora de la calidad de vida de sus pueblos. A lo largo de sus páginas, el libro muestra el terrible error que se está cometiendo y que, lamentablemente, parecen compartir los organismos internacionales que influyen sobre las políticas económicas de países como el Perú. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Empleo y mercado interno en el modelo neoliberal : una nueva hipótesis sobre el subdesarrollo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2012)El objetivo de este artículo es reformular la hipótesis del subdesarrollo de Kalecki (1960), Rao (1952) y otros, para quienes la escasez de bienes de capital y la existencia de un sector agrícola atrasado, con una oferta inelástica de producción y que concentra un porcentaje importante de la PEA ocupada de bajísima productividad y calificación, limitan el crecimiento y modernización de la economía. La existencia de subempleo y la escasez de oportunidades de empleo no se originan en la insuficiencia de demanda efectiva, como se supone que ocurre en los países desarrollados, sino en la insuficiencia de oferta efectiva, a decir de estos autores. Así, todo impulso de la demanda, mediante por ejemplo la política fiscal, se traduce en inflación más que en un aumento de empleos e ingresos que usualmente acompañan al crecimiento en los países desarrollados. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Desarrollo económico y bienestar. Homenaje a Máximo Vega-Centeno(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2009)The work of Maximo Vega-Centeno is essential to modernize the profession of economist in Peru as well as the spirit of the discipline itself. This book is a tribute to his life and work and the recognition of a career dedicated to analyze, unravel and teach the structural problems of the Peruvian economy, transcending purely economic questions to explain the human dimension of economic activity. The classical topics include economic growth and human development, technological change and employment, econometric and historical approaches, markets and regulation. The articles in this book comprise a range that matches the versatility of Vega-Centeno’s successful teaching and professional life. The authors of this tribute volume his colleagues and former students, who with their contributions wanted to show their appreciation to the economist, teacher and friend who for so many years contributed to the advancement of knowledge, education and human and economic development. Vega-Centeno is a civil engineer, doctor in economics and Professor Emeritus at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Una economía incompleta Perú 1950-2017 : Análisis estructural(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2015)Este libro es el resultado de una larga investigación sobre la economía peruana. Comprende un periodo de casi sesenta años, lo que lo convierte en uno de los trabajos más exhaustivos realizados a la fecha en lo que se refiere a las variables que han marcado la estructura de la producción, la tecnología, los ingresos y el empleo en el Perú. El propósito original del trabajo fue analizar las transformaciones en la estructura productiva que generaron las reformas del gobierno militar entre 1969 y 1980. Sin embargo, la década perdida de los ochenta y las reformas neoliberales de los noventa condujeron a ampliar el campo de investigación hasta el año 2007, lo que permitió un análisis de las dos reformas estructurales de signo contrario, llevadas a cabo en el Perú en los últimos cincuenta años. Una economía incompleta. Perú 1950-2007. Análisis estructural es un análisis comparativo de todas las tablas insumo-producto elaboradas en el Perú. Estas reflejan los cambios pendulares en las políticas públicas y en <la política>, que no han logrado cambiar sustantivamente la estructura productiva. Se trata de una mirada panorámica y a la vez focalizada: ver el bosque y sus componentes de una manera desagregada por sectores, característica básica del análisis insumo-producto.