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    ¿A qué nos referimos cuando hablamos del Producto Bruto Interno (PBI)?
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento Académico de Ciencias de la Gestión, 2023-05)
    The best known and used indicator of the economy is the Gross Domestic Product. Better than any other, it expresses many dimensions in figures and has a very important role in the decisions-in economic matters. This Academic Note and others that will follow, will try to explain in accessible terms, how it is obtained, what it represents and how it should be interpreted. The perspective adopted in this Note is that as an indicator it maintains its importance and validity and what is required is to develop new economic metrics so as not to exhaust ourselves on the issue of growth, which is a way in which we understand insufficiently the economic development.
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    Driving Economic Fluctuations in Peru: The Role of the Terms of Trade
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2014)
    This paper has four objectives. Firstly, to verify the existence of long-term relationships between the groups of variables analyzed (product, consumption, private investment, public investment, and terms of trade). Secondly, to analyze the role of public and private investment, as well as the role of the terms of trade in the Peruvian economy s economic uctuations. Thirdly, to identify domestic and foreign shocks, as well as the degree of importance of both in the economy s uctuations. Finally, to identify the role and the impact of permanent and transitory shocks in the economic p uctuations of an emerging economy such as Peru. To achieve these objectives, we follow the focuses of King et al. (1991), Mellander et al. (1992), and Warne (1993); additionally, the analysis disaggregates the total public and private investment. The primary result is that the permanent shocks of the terms of trade (foreign shocks) account for most of the uctuations in product, consumption, private investment, and public investment. This result appears more pronounced as the time horizon approaches the long-term. The transitory shocks, for their part, explain the uctuations of some variables only in the short term.