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Más allá de los datos: decidir bien no es cuestión de cantidad, sino de teoría
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento Académico de Ciencias de la Gestión, 2026-05)
El crecimiento exponencial del volumen de datos y la adopción masiva de herramientas analíticas e inteligencia artificial han consolidado la toma de decisiones basada en datos como un enfoque dominante en los ámbitos empresarial y público. Sin embargo, la ausencia de un marco teórico sólido constituye un riesgo crítico, ya que propicia interpretaciones sesgadas y decisiones subóptimas. La presente nota académica analiza el rol de la teoría como elemento estructurador en el proceso analítico y destaca su función en la formulación de problemas, la selección de algoritmos y la interpretación de resultados. A partir de una revisión de conceptos y de evidencia ilustrativa, se argumenta que la interacción entre la teoría y los datos es necesaria para transformar la información en conocimiento válido y generalizable. Asimismo, se examinan los desafíos asociados al uso intensivo de herramientas estadísticas, particularmente en contextos en los que predomina una comprensión instrumental por encima de una comprensión fundamentada. Se concluye que el fortalecimiento de la formación teórica y del pensamiento crítico es una condición necesaria para mejorar la calidad de la toma de decisiones y su impacto en contextos complejos.
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Evaluation on embeddings application for Spanish automatic text clustering
(Universidad de Tarapaca, 2024-01-01)
The vast amount of information on the Internet, primarily composed of texts, makes clustering reliable information a complicated task. This research aims to improve the automatic clustering of Spanish texts by applying embeddings and unsupervised learning algorithms. Five datasets were used, and embedding generation techniques such as Word2Vec, FastText, Glove, BERT, and GPT-2 were applied. Models like K-means, HDBSCAN, and AutoEncoder combined with K-means were employed for clustering. The results showed that the AutoEncoder model combined with the K-means using Glove embeddings achieved superior performance with an accuracy of 0.92, NMI of 0.79, and ARI of 0.81 on the BBC News dataset. In other datasets, the results varied, but the AutoEncoder with the K-means model consistently outperformed other methods. We conclude that neural network models with AutoEncoder and K-means layer are highly effective for automatically clustering Spanish texts, especially when using high-quality embeddings like Glove.
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Inteligencia artificial y redes neuronales
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-29)
Describes concepts related to artificial intelligence that allow establishing solid criteria on issues related to art and design development. Artificial intelligence has become more than just a simple tool and is evolving at great speed, which makes it difficult for users to adopt it. However, this does not prevent it from establishing itself in our society, although the rules to avoid its abuse have not been defined. Understanding this technology will allow, from the perspective of the artist or designer, to take appropriate measures either as a user, educator or, in the best case, to influence legislation.
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Viralidad, agencia y tecnoduda: discursos digitales en torno a un cuerpo festivo viralizado
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-12-10)
This article explores emerging social media discourses around a viral video featuring an Andean festive dancer, recorded in an ambiguous situation and widely shared online. Using a mixed methodology—combining manual coding, semantic analysis, and lexical graph visualization—we identify four discursive territories: ethical judgment, performative defense, techno-doubt, and indeterminacy. We examine how artificial intelligence is invoked by users to displace agency, deflect moral responsibility, and renegotiate blame. The study contributes to understanding public emotions, trust in algorithmic systems, and social imaginaries of artificial intelligence in festive and media contexts. It also discusses how cultural heritage becomes a site of symbolic contention when it intersects with virality, technology, and representation.
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