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    The “Guzmango language” in colonial Cajamarca: context and perspectives
    (Universidad de Tarapaca, 2021-12-01)
    In this paper, we present a documentary reference to the “Guzmango language” in early colonial Cajamarca (Peru), which we then contextualize and discuss. In light of this information, we revisit the debate on the relationship between toponymic areas, languages, peoples, and political units of the past in this region, examining the notion of “contained linguistic area”. We put forward a preliminary equivalence between the “Guzmango language” and the “Den language”, as defined by Alfredo Torero, while discussing its limitations.
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    Women Leaders, Interpreters, Companions: On Participatory Methodologies and Citizenship Building in Peru
    (De Gruyter Mouton, 2023-03-01)
    The purpose of this reflection piece is twofold: first, we give an account of the participatory methodology applied in the project "Improving women's lives through the role of social translators in rural Peru". This project, developed between 2018 and 2019, sought to make visible and highlight the role played by community leaders in Puno and Ayacucho, in the Andean south of Peru, as ad hoc interpreters and translators, in benefit of members of their communities, many of them speakers of Quechua or Aymara and Spanish, with different levels of bilingualism. Secondly, based on this experience, we consider the scope of participatory methodologies as a resource for raising awareness of bottom-up citizenship-building processes in South America.
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    Cult of the Dead and funerary Architecture: A multidisciplinary approach from Marcajirca site in the north highlands of Peru AD 1000-1500
    (Universidad Catolica del Norte, 2025-01-01)
    The cult of the dead is reflected in a diversity of rituals and types of tombs. Chullpas, funerary caves, underground burials and shelters tombs are present in Marcajirca. This diversity reflects the presence of diverse groups inhabiting the Puccha basin and the Huaritambo valley in the Ancash highlands. However, the cult of the dead is not static; it undergoes a series of modifications, probably due to competition from various ayllus that are being buried at the Marcajirca site. This study brings together the results of archaeological excavations, analysis of cultural material, human remains, radiometric dating and isotopes. The results indicate that Marcajirca functioned as a regional cemetery, where the tombs were used by multiple generations; social differentiation was minimal; food burning was permormed as part of offering rituals; and the sacred mountain Llamoq played an important and influential role in the cult of the dead.
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