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Item type:Publication, Female entrepreneurship: Evidence-based high-impact perspective from Chile and Peru(Universidad Icesi, 2022-01-01)This study aims to highlight cases of women-led business (WLB) that achieved high-growth in the short term, contradicting the traditional approach of female entrepreneurship associated with precariousness. This paper uses a multiple case study, exploring examples of WLBs in Chile and Peru. The results show some entrepreneurial behavior patterns among WLBs, such as experience in the field, growth-oriented strategy, service innovation, accelerated expansion, high-quality products, and a particular attitude toward entrepreneurship. This study shed additional light on how some WLBs are not linked to subsistence or low-impact, as well as how public policies must support high-growth WLBs. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Women of vigorous spirit: Gender stereotypes and roles in the conquest of America in the 16th century(Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, 2024-01-01)This text investigates how certain exceptional actions carried out by women in the military sphere during the conquest of America in the 16th century were documented, interpreted, and narrated by witnesses and chroniclers. These accounts were influenced by gender archetypes and stereotypes shaped and influenced by the prevailing social, religious, moral, and cultural conventions of that period. The article analyzes some paradigmatic cases from the early Peruvian viceroyalty. This analysis is conducted from a gender perspective that enables the examination of aspects such as female models transferred to the New World and the consideration of the actions of some women in frontier territories, where various factors allowed for, and even demanded, roles far removed from the norms of Early Modern society. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Metaphors describing the gendered organization in the career advancement of women: An integrative review(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-09-01)Worldwide, gender equality remains a barrier for women seeking career advancement in corporations. Despite the globalization of corporate social responsibility programs, women have not achieved positional parity with men within the managerial hierarchy. The purpose of this integrative review was to investigate the breadth of the gendered organization literature, summarize the evidence, and inform future research about the career advancement of women in privately owned and publicly traded corporations. Twelve databases were searched between January 1990 and December 2023 for published evidence. Of the 1914 documents screened, 55 articles were included in this review. The gendered organization literature is slowly evolving as a critical area for management research even though fully developed substantive and formal theories are lacking. However, gendered organizations can be conceptualized for theoretical development as a constellation of metaphors embedded in the corporate culture. These metaphors include firewalls, glass ceilings, glass cliffs, glass escalators, labyrinths, queen bees and beehives, and sticky floors. Notably, few intervention studies were reported in the literature. Corporate social responsibility programs had a surprisingly limited impact on eliminating deep-seated structural attributes contributing to gendered organizations. Therefore, management scholars need to engage in theoretical development and research to advance a comprehensive theory of the gendered organization, and studies should investigate why the identified metaphors continue to adversely impact the career advancement of women despite the presence of corporate social responsibility programs. Finally, existing evidence needs to be translated into intervention recommendations for policymakers and corporate leaders. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Feminist Trajectories from Peru to Colombia: Taking Violence Experienced by Women into Account in Truth Commissions(Routledge, 2023-01-01)International human rights law has long ignored women’s realities, reproducing an epistemological blind spot that has impacted transitional justice mechanisms such as truth commissions. In the early 2000s, this blind spot was challenged by Peru’s Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR; Truth and Reconciliation Commission). The lessons learned in Peru about including gender in transitional justice processes have nourished the application of transitional justice in Colombia. This article examines the inclusion of a gender perspective in Peru’s CVR and highlights the advances and lessons that inform Colombia’s Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición (CEV; Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence, and Non-Repetition). Furthermore, it underscores the innovative contributions of Latin American decolonial and communitarian feminisms to reframing the inclusion of gender in the context of Colombia’s CEV. We argue that these feminisms allow the recognition that “woman” is a plural subject intersected by race and class; challenge liberal feminist conceptions of gender; propose a reconceptualization of time; provide a historical explanation of the reasons behind violence against women; and give an important centrality to nature, territory, and the sacred in the explanation of violence and in peacebuilding. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Women's Participation in Top Management Business Positions and the Internationalization Process. Evidence for Chilean Companies(SAGE Publishing, 2025-04-01)In recent times, women have been increasing their participation in company management positions, occupying positions on the board of directors, and making strategic decisions with a view to the international expansion of the firms. However, the evidence of the participation of women in the processes of internationalization of companies is not conclusive or adequate for emerging economies, such as those in Latin America. Based on this premise, we conducted this research using data from 1,246 firms included in the Fifth Longitudinal Survey of Chilean Companies. These companies are categorized into four industries: 98 in extractive, 149 in manufacturing, 285 in Commercial, and 714 in services. A Tobit regression model to estimate the influence of the presence of women in senior management and gender diversity on boards on the export intensity of the company. The main findings show that women in the position of CEO and a higher percentage of women on boards of directors do not affect the export intensity of the company. They also show that the relationship between foreign ownership and export intensity was positive and, finally, that export intensity did not depend on gender diversity in high-level administrative positions. An important limitation of this research is not having a data panel for each company to estimate their evolution over time thus, as well as information related to compensation contracts for management teams. For future research, we are interested in studying the effect of ownership on the internationalization process.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Women and Guilds in a Growing Economy: The Case of Lima, Peru(Cambridge University Press, 2025-09-01)This article examines the role of women in the guild system of Lima, Peru, during the nineteenth century. Using data from the guild system of Lima between 1838 and 1859, it shows that women participated in a variety of guilds, primarily in retail trade and food manufacturing. Most women were not part of the guilds of merchants and professionals. A social stratification analysis reveals that women in guilds were concentrated at the lower end of the income distribution, with very few reaching the highest social classes. As the economy of Lima expanded during the Guano Era, enterprises had opportunities to grow and enter profitable sectors. However, women did not advance into the most lucrative sectors of the economy, with most remaining in the lowest social classes.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Finance and women's well-being: a literature review(Cogent OA, 2025-01-01)The number of studies on finance, well-being, and women has increased in recent years. At a practical level, organizations seek to develop financial products for women. However, no study consolidates these findings for a better understanding of the theoretical and practical implications. This study offers a rigorous literature review in two stages. The first one is quantitative, through a bibliometric analysis on the relevant scientific-based literature validated by researchers such as Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions, and supported on Bibliometrix. The second stage is qualitative, conducted through an interpretivist approach and that involved a description of terms, construction of content maps and relationships between terms, divergent interpretations and coding that led to a final concept map presentation. The main findings revolve around the great limitation that women still have to access financial literacy, particularly in emerging countries. It is suggested to create mechanisms and policies that reduce the gaps between men and women and allow the latter to better manage their finances for greater independence. Furthermore, these must be aimed at generating greater well-being that goes beyond the financial and that is not only carried out for particular interests.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Care from Above and Care from Below. Urban Inequality and Community Collectivization of Care(Springer International Publishing, 2025-01-01)This article explores and compares two strategies for the collectivization of care in urban peripheries, linking the overlap of socio-spatial inequalities, neighborhood organizing processes, and the coverage characteristics of each strategy. First, it examines the “Programa del Vaso de Leche” (Glass of Milk Program), created in 1983 as a municipal initiative aimed at distributing food, primarily dairy products, to children, the elderly, and pregnant women in vulnerable situations. Second, it addresses the “Ollas Comunes” (Common Pots), which emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 as a food subsistence strategy from the most socio-economically vulnerable urban populations. This study is based on historical research complemented by interviews with former public officials, nutrition specialists, and community leaders from the AA.H.H. “El Mirador II,” located in Pamplona Alta, San Juan de Lurigancho district (Lima). Thus, the article characterizes “care from above” and “care from below,” highlighting the capacities and limitations of state action and spontaneous community initiatives to meet basic food needs in the peripheral neighborhoods of Metropolitan Lima.2