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Item type:Publication, Emerging Water Scarcity Risks in Peruvian Glacier-Fed River Basins(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2020-01-01) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Fault detection and isolation system based on structural analysis of an industrial seawater reverse Osmosis desalination plant(MDPI, 2020-09-01)Currently, the use of industrial seawater reverse osmosis desalination (ISROD) plants has increased in popularity in light of the growing global demand for freshwater. In ISROD plants, any fault in the components of their control systems can lead to a plant malfunction, and this condition can originate safety risks, energy waste, as well as affect the quality of freshwater. This paper addresses the design of a fault detection and isolation (FDI) system based on a structural analysis approach for an ISROD plant located in Lima (Peru). Structural analysis allows obtaining a plant model, which is useful to generate diagnostic tests. Here, diagnostic tests via fault-driven minimal structurally overdetermined (FMSO) sets are computed, and then, binary integer linear programming (BILP) is used to select the FMSO sets that guarantee isolation. Simulations shows that all the faults of interest (sensors and actuators faults) are detected and isolated according to the proposed design. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Water footprint assessment of food loss and waste management strategies in Spanish regions(MDPI AG, 2021-07-02)The availability of freshwater is one of the biggest limitations and challenges of food production, as freshwater is an increasingly scarce and overexploited resource in many parts of the world. Therefore, the concept of water footprint (WF) has gained increasing interest, in the same way that the generation of food loss and waste (FLW) in food production and consumption has become a social and political concern. Along this line, the number of studies on the WF of the food production sector is currently increasing all over the world, analyzing water scarcity and water degradation as a single WF indicator or as a so-called WF profile. In Spain, there is no study assessing the influence of FLW generation along the whole food supply chain nor is there a study assessing the different FLW management options regarding the food supply chain’s WF. This study aimed to assess the spatially differentiated WF profile for 17 Spanish regions over time, analyzing the potential linkages of FLW management and water scarcity and water degradation. The assessment considered compliance and non-compliance with the Paris Agreement targets and was based on the life cycle assessment approach. Results are highlighted in a compliance framework; the scenarios found that anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting (to a lesser extent) had the lowest burdens, while scenarios with thermal treatment had the highest impact. Additionally, the regions in the north of Spain and the islands were less influenced by the type of FLW management and by compliance with the Paris Agreement targets. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Rights to water and water's rights: Plural water governances in mining contexts of Colombia and Peru(Elsevier B.V., 2022-01-01)In large-scale mining contexts and the consequent generation of socio-environmental inequalities related to access to water, indigenous peoples and peasant communities demand the recognition of other ways of understanding water. In these contexts of dispute, emerge what we call plural water governances , which position diverse relationships and infrastructures of control of water in mining contexts. Likewise, they demand the recognition of other notions of water and water's rights that transcend normative problems and extend to nature-society relations and include non-humans. We present a comparative analysis between large-scale mining areas in Colombia (La Guajira-Cerrejón) and Peru (Apurímac-Las Bambas) and the effects of the infrastructure that are implemented under a notion of water as a public resource. Processes that generate social inequalities, eliminate, or ignore ethnic and local rights, increase the capture of water in some sectors and generate scarcity that affects access, use, and decision-making in relation to water. This chapter is the result of the research carried out in the two areas in Colombia and Peru during 2018 and 2019, based on an ethnographic and collaborative work. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The commitment to infrastructure: Public investment and the reproduction of water scarcity in contexts of large mining in Peru and Colombia(Universidad Catolica del Norte, 2022-01-01)Public and private policies typically consider the construction of infrastructure the most appropriate response to the problems of water scarcity and water disputes. However, infrastructure in itself not always is the solution. In this context we have the following questions: What are the logics behind the construction and implementation of water infrastructure? Why water infrastructures are not alone a solution to water stress and scarcity? How does infrastructure construction reduce or deepen inequalities in access to water? This article answers these questions by arguing that water infrastructures respond to technical-political projects of territorial control and mining expansion located in areas of mining influence, rather than aiming to solve water access and supply problems. In doing so, they ended up deepening inequalities in local water access. This article compares infrastructures constructed in the context of large-scale mining projects in Espinar, Peru and La Guajira, Colombia. The information presented was collected following qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews and situated ethnographies). Likewise, the article systematizes secondary quantitative and qualitative data provided by government institutions related to water and mining, and the Environmental Impact Studies and web publications regarding the Tintaya-Antapaccay and Cerrejón mining projects. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Atmospheric water generator: Design for rural zones with low and medium humidity level(South Florida Publishing LLC, 2024-07-08)Water shortage is one of the major issues in the world. The consequences can impact negatively on the develop of a location. Puno is an arid region located in Peru. There have been different problems related to water shortage in recent years. Some communities use a waterhole filled by precipitation as a source of water. This is usually far from their communities, then they have to transport manually buckets of water by waking. In this paper, we establish a design procedure of an atmospheric water generator (AWG) located at Puno with a capacity of 40L per day in order to deal with the water shortage. Current AWGs are designed for locations with favorable climatic conditions as high relative humidity (RH). However, they wouldn't be able to operate in dried seasons as at Puno with RH under 25%. An adsorption process is implemented as an additional module in order to compensate the low ambient temperature and RH during the worst climatic conditions from June to August. An analytic model of dehumidification by a heat exchanger was developed in order to quantify influence of parameters as climatic conditions and mass fluxes. Results showed that the design is capable to produce water during all the variable climactic conditions over the year. Numerical simulations of the analytic model indicated that the system can produce water by direct cooling in most months without the support of adsorption process. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, AWARE characterization factors in Peru encompassing El Niño and climate change events: does increased water availability guarantee less water scarcity?(Springer, 2025)Water scarcity is a critical environmental challenge which will be exacerbated by the effects of climate change and increased human demand. Hence, more precise and realistic methods of quantifying this impact are necessary. In this sense, the present study proposes updated water scarcity characterization factors (CFs) for watersheds in Peru using the AWARE method. The novelty is linked to the consideration of present and future conditions, as well as quasi-cyclical climatic events such as El Niño.1