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Internal combustion engines water injection fed by Exhaust Water Recirculation (EWR): a feasibility analysis
(Springer, 2020-01-08)
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Proposal for used electronic products management in Mexicali
(Elsevier Inc., 2022-05-01)
Mexicali, a Mexican city located near the US-Mexico border, has faced several challenges related to adopting an integrated e-waste management system. Thus, the main objective of this work is to propose a new system to be implemented in phases. The current system is evaluated using several methodological approaches including field studies, surveys, interviews, and quantitative modeling via material flow analysis. We suggest the need to properly integrate both the formal and informal sectors to achieve the optimal system that mitigates environmental impacts while preserving the positive social and economic traits of the current system. Thus, without supplanting the current reuse, refurbishment, repair and maintenance practices, a hybrid system is proposed, based on a centralized facility that primarily handles those parts or materials that create environmental impacts and health hazards if mishandled. Furthermore, a decentralized transition phase toward the new system is recommended.
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Reviewing the influence of sociocultural, environmental and economic variables to forecast municipal solid waste (MSW) generation
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-09-01)
Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation forecasting has become an important tool for decision-making in urban environments, not only due to its essential role in effective waste management, but also because it provides an understanding of the complexity of the factors that govern it. Current research bases its forecast models (e.g., artificial neural networks, regression methods, three decision methods…) on predictive variables supported by pre-existing government information or, alternatively, on related studies with different site characteristics due to the lack of primary data from the specific sector. These assumptions and generalizations generate a different representation of the area of interest, raising the level of uncertainty of the results and reducing their level of reliability. The current review focuses on exploring the influence, relevance and opportunities for improvement when it comes to including or excluding sociocultural, environmental and/or economic variables in the solid waste forecasting process. Relevant information has been provided regarding the predictor variables considered to have better predictive power and, at the same time, limitations in data availability have been highlighted. Finally, it is concluded that the adoption of case study-specific predictor variables collected through primary data (e.g., questionnaires or surveys) would improve the predictive performance of the models providing a robust and effective tool for waste management. In addition, it is expected that the recommendations provided will be useful for future research related to MSW prediction and, thus, contribute to obtaining more representative results.
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Developing a methodology to quantify mismanaged plastic waste entering the ocean in coastal countries
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-12-01)
Marine plastic accumulation has gained international attention in recent years. Sources, pathways, and environmental impacts are being currently studied to understand the complex interactions during waste, especially plastic, transportation to the sea. Rivers have been identified as debris corridors allowing transportation of mismanaged waste. However, there is also evidence of waste accumulation in river basins, suggesting they can also act as sinks. Thus, assuming a uniform and continuous transportation of waste through rivers towards the ocean may signify an oversimplification. This study proposes a methodology to estimate plastic release to the ocean, considering a more detailed characterization of each river basin, including natural attributes and manmade constructions that may act as barriers or boosters for this release. The methodology is exemplified using a case study for the Region of Piura, Peru, and estimating a range of 4.2 to 13.9 kg/person/year of plastic waste reaching the Pacific coast during 2018. These results, when compared with the existing literature, demonstrate more conservative estimations. This methodology is presented as a useful tool that can be easily applied to develop more accurate mismanaged waste dissipation along different compartments. Supplementary Information: The online version of this article (doi:10.1111/jiec.13349) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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A critical review on food loss and waste quantification approaches: Is there a need to develop alternatives beyond the currently widespread pathways?
(Elsevier BV, 2022-09-27)
In a context of increasing concern regarding food loss and waste (FLW) generation, different attempts have been made to standardize quantification methodologies. On the one hand, an important number of small-scale studies have been published that constitute direct measurement methodologies. On the other hand, the FAO Food Balance Sheets, which aggregate some of the prior studies, provides an indirect metric that has been applied using FLW coefficients in numerous food-related studies. However, to date, no standard methodology has been agreed upon to quantify FLW. This study performs an assessment of 237 studies in the field, aiming to identify existing FLW quantification methodologies, and if there is a need of developing alternative paths. Firstly, a descriptive review was performed. Secondly, an assessment of critical point of views was presented. For this, different critical voices in the scientific literature were retrieved, some of which highlight the high level of uncertainty and a certain degree of opacity in some of the most widespread FLW quantification and assessment reports. In this line, essential elements of quantification are being omitted. Moreover, the focus is being excessively placed on the role of the consumer, compared to the role played by agribusiness and large distribution chains.
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Embedding circularity into the transition towards sustainable agroforestry systems in Peru
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-09-10)
Peru is promoting the adoption of agroforestry systems with the aim to halt the deforestation of tropical forests caused by smallholder farmers. However, deficient soil conservation practices and nutrient management are common among the targeted smallholders, hampering the success of this strategy. In this study, we explore the potential of valorizing municipal biowaste as compost to be used as soil amendment in coffee agroforestry systems and in silvopastoral systems. The analysis was concentrated in four Peruvian regions and the most populous city in each of them. For lands with coffee production, it was assumed that 90 kg N ha−1 (i.e., 50% of the N requirements) should come from compost, while for pastures, the requirement was 40 kg P ha−1. We found that composting could lead to large greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions compared with the current waste disposal methods (i.e., deep dumping and landfilling), as it only emits 5–10% of the GHG emissions produced with the other methods. Nonetheless, the area of agroforestry and silvopastoral systems that could be fertilized with compost obtained from the main city of each region is limited and insufficient. If all compost were to be used for the coffee agroforestry system, less than 3% of the coffee agroforestry area could be fertilized, while in the case of pastures, only 4% would be attained. Large amounts of compost could be obtained from Lima, the most populated city; however, its transportation to the agroforestry areas would increase compost GHG emissions by 15–60%. Although composting municipal food waste and loss may bring GHG benefits and should be promoted, its use as a fertilizer requires mixing with N-rich sources to improve its nutrient quality.
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Climate change mitigation potential of transitioning from open dumpsters in Peru: Evaluation of mitigation strategies in critical dumpsites
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-11-10)
Waste management is a critical policy towards the reduction of environmental impacts to air, soil and water. Many Latin American countries, however, lack a correct waste management system in many cities and rural areas, leading to the accumulation of unmanaged waste in illegal or unregulated dumpsites. The case of Peru is of interest, as it hosts 5 of the 50 largest dumpsites in the world. An erratic waste management compromises climate actions for Peru to commit with the Paris Agreement, as no correct closure systems are established for these dumpsites. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to assess the contribution of the past and present biodegradable waste produced and disposed of in the most critical open dumpsters to the overall annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Peru using the IPCC model. Thereafter, the climate change mitigation potential of possible dumpsite closure strategies based on a selection of technologies, including economic feasibility, were estimated. Results show that cumulative GHG emissions in 2018 for the 24 critical dumpsites evaluated added up to 704 kt CO2 eq. and a cumulative value of 4.4 Mt CO2 eq. in the period 2019–2028, representing over 40 % of solid waste emissions expected by 2030. Mitigation potentials for these emissions tanged from 91 to 970 kt CO2 eq. in the ten-year period depending on the mitigation strategies adopted. The costs of these strategies are also discussed and are expected to be of utility to complement Peru's waste management commitments in the frame of the Paris Agreement.
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Social, Technological, Economic, and Policy Factors in the Circular Economy Transition in Brazil
(Wiley, 2025-01-01)
A well-functioning circular economy (CE) integrates resilience across economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This study identifies key drivers and barriers to Brazil's CE transition through 20 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders. Major sociocultural barriers include inadequate education and limited CE awareness, while growing environmental consciousness and traditional reuse practices act as drivers. Policy barriers stem from the absence of dedicated CE regulations, though national sustainability efforts offer opportunities. Technological limitations arise from insufficient research, but efficiency-enhancing innovations and digital business models show promise. Economically, high transition costs hinder progress, whereas resource efficiency boosts competitiveness and job creation. Key priorities for advancing CE include raising public awareness, integrating CE into education, supporting waste pickers, developing decentralised regulations, improving waste management, fostering innovation hubs, and providing financial incentives for circular business models. Stakeholder engagement—particularly policymakers, civil society, and private enterprises—remains essential to accelerating CE adoption in Brazil.
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Regeneration of Deteriorated Internal Combustion Engine Components used in Thermal Power Plants
(2025-01-30)
The generation of electric power through internal combustion engines plays an important role in the world economy. Exhaust cases and valves are critical engine components and are subjected to high pressures and temperatures. The additive remanufacturing technology of mechanical components that have reached the end of their useful life due to wear, through the L-DED laser directed energy deposition method, proves to be an effective method to obtain spare parts with similar or even superior characteristics to a new part, extending the product life cycle in the circular economy. The process consists of obtaining 3D models through reverse engineering, additive remanufacturing by L-DED and final machining. It was determined through the study that this methodology can be successfully applied to the exhaust boxes and valves of internal combustion engines for electric generation. The results obtained have shown that this remanufacturing method is an effective solution for the recovery of exhaust boxes and valves that have completed their useful life and can be applied to other engine elements, reducing the cost of the spare part compared to a new one and bringing with it important environmental benefits. In reference to the remanufacturing time, it has been determined that the application of the L-DED process in the exhaust boxes and valves is 3943 and 3677 s respectively. In addition to this time, the time used in the initial preparation and final machining must be added; however, the time is substantially less than the manufacturing of a new spare part, which brings with it an increase in the availability of these spare parts to perform scheduled maintenance in the engines for power generation, contributing to improve the efficiency of the national electric system.
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Circular Economy Transition in an Emerging Economy: Current Status and Priorities in Peru
(Springer Nature, 2026-04-01)
The circular economy is increasingly recognised as a multidimensional paradigm that goes beyond reducing waste and recycling, encompassing systemic design, regenerative practices, socio-technical innovation, and equity considerations. This study examines Peru's efforts to transition towards circularity as a representative emerging economy in Latin America, based on 15 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from academia, policymaking, business, and non-governmental organisations. It provides new empirical insights by identifying context-specific drivers and barriers not previously reported in the literature. The analysis identifies barriers such as limited consumer awareness, weak enforcement of regulations, technological gaps, and financial constraints affecting especially micro, small, and medium enterprises. Drivers and strengths include international cooperation, biodiversity, ancestral knowledge, and emerging policies. The government, European agencies, and civil society emerge as central actors in this transition. Conceptually, the study offers a novel contribution by adapting Schlossberg's transition theory, traditionally applied in psychology and education, to the field of sustainability. Findings emphasise the need to raise awareness, foster a cross-sectoral and decentralised regulatory framework with clear responsibilities, enforcement, and accountability mechanisms, promote targeted investments, and design policies that integrate informal sectors. This research contributes to both theory and practice: methodologically by extending transition theory to sustainability studies, and empirically by providing the first multi-stakeholder analysis of CE in Peru, offering insights for policymakers seeking to balance environmental and economic goals. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43615-026-00791-9.
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