3. Producción
Browse
10 results
Search Results
- Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, “Climate change might have caused our small harvest”: indigenous vulnerability, livelihoods, and environmental changes in lowland and high jungle indigenous communities in Peru(Springer Science+Business Media, 2021-09-15)The purpose of this article is to analyze how indigenous livelihoods are challenged by the global phenomenon of climate change while paying particular attention to how historically shaped, non-climatic factors influence how climate change is experienced in the Peruvian Amazon. In this sense, we will address indigenous people’s lived experiences of climate variations using a theoretical framework based on concepts of vulnerability. Methodologically, we draw on both a recent literature review and fieldwork conducted during 2015 and 2016 with two Kukama Kukamiria communities in Loreto (low jungle) and three Ashaninka communities in Junín (high jungle). After describing our theoretical framework and qualitative methods, we discuss the economic history of the addressed areas and show how non-climatic factors, such as colonialism, influence these communities’ experiences. This context allows us to better understand indigenous people’s experience of seasonal variations, precipitations and climatic events, its effect on their livelihoods, and their adaptive strategies in response to challenges imposed by climate unpredictability and broader transformations in their territories. Our conclusions are twofold: (a) addressing climate change must incorporate multiple temporal and spatial scales and (b) non-climatic factors are integral to understanding the role of climate change vulnerability of indigenous population. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Hydrometeorological data-based methodology for navigability risk analysis at waterways: case study for Magdalena River(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2021-09-01)The characterization and quantification of risk in port activities are essential to determine the main factors that may cause incidents and to establish risk mitigation strategies to improve the safety and operability of ports. This study presents a novel methodology to analyze the hydrometeorological risk of navigation in fairways and port activities, which is applied to the study case of the 22-km section of the lower Magdalena River, near the port of Barranquilla (Colombia). The methodology is based on probabilistic models of dominant hydrometeorological variables (e.g., water depth, flow velocity, wind magnitude, and wave height) identified via hazard and operative (HAZOP) studies. It allowed for quantifying likelihood and vulnerability levels obtained by empirical functions representing monthly spatio-temporal risk. It can be applied at any stage of fairway design and is highly replicable at other geographical conditions. The results for the study area show that the main risk factors for the reference vessel (i.e., SUPRAMAX) are the wave height and the fairway depth, which on up to 15% of the cases restrict navigation and induce deviations and economic losses to the port authority. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Systematic mapping of the literature on secure software development(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021-03-09)The accelerated growth in exploiting vulnerabilities due to errors or failures in the software development process is a latent concern in the Software Industry. In this sense, this study aims to provide an overview of the Secure Software Development trends to help identify topics that have been extensively studied and those that still need to be. Therefore, in this paper, a systematic mapping review with PICo search strategies was conducted. A total of 867 papers were identified, of which only 528 papers were selected for this review. The main findings correspond to the Software Requirements Security, where the Elicitation and Misuse Cases reported more frequently. In Software Design Security, recurring themes are security in component-based software development, threat model, and security patterns. In the Software Construction Security, the most frequent topics are static code analysis and vulnerability detection. Finally, in Software Testing Security, the most frequent topics are vulnerability scanning and penetration testing. In conclusion, there is a diversity of methodologies, models, and tools with specific objectives in each secure software development stage. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Optimal humanitarian warehouses location considering vulnerability previous condition(Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao, 2022-03-07)Goal: This study tackles on location problem, analyzing the urban shape base on vulnerability previous conditions in affected areas. Design / Methodology / Approach: A numerical analysis is performed using an integer programming model to find optimal preposition warehouses location. Results: The minimum cost is reached when the needs of all the people affected by the natural disaster are met. Excess construction of warehouses implies additional maintenance and administration expenses, while lack of construction of warehouses implies expenses originated by unsatisfied demand. Limitations of the investigation: Among the main limitations found in this study were the lack of updated data and few studies related to natural disaster prevention in the case study. Practical implications: Organizations should implement the recommendations given by the new model. This is because the model minimizes the cost, since the damage caused by a natural disaster is much more expensive than preventing it. Originality / Value: The novelty in this study is the creation of a punishment factor based on the level of vulnerability of the routes used in transportation. This is to simulate the impact the deterioration of routes has on the response time of sending aid supplies. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Scenario-Based Multi-Risk Assessment from Existing Single-Hazard Vulnerability Models. An Application to Consecutive Earthquakes and Tsunamis in Lima, Peru(Copernicus Publications, 2023-06-20)Multi-hazard risk assessments for building portfolios exposed to earthquake shaking followed by a tsunami are usually based on empirical vulnerability models calibrated on post-event surveys of damaged buildings. The applicability of these models cannot easily be extrapolated to other regions of larger/smaller events. Moreover, the quantitative evaluation of the damages related to each of the hazard types (disaggregation) is impossible. To investigate cumulative damage on extended building portfolios, this study proposes an alternative and modular method to probabilistically integrate sets of single-hazard vulnerability models that are constantly being developed and calibrated by experts from various research fields to be used within a multi-risk context. This method is based on the proposal of state-dependent fragility functions for the triggered hazard to account for the pre-existing damage and the harmonisation of building classes and damage states through their taxonomic characterisation, which is transversal to any hazard-dependent vulnerability. This modular assemblage also allows us to separate the economic losses expected for each scenario on building portfolios subjected to cascading hazards. We demonstrate its application by assessing the economic losses expected for the residential building stock of Lima, Peru, a megacity commonly exposed to consecutive earthquake and tsunami scenarios. We show the importance of accounting for damage accumulation on extended building portfolios while observing a dependency between the earthquake magnitude and the direct economic losses derived for each hazard scenario. For the commonly exposed residential building stock of Lima exposed to both perils, we find that classical tsunami empirical fragility functions lead to underestimations of predicted losses for lower magnitudes (Mw) and large overestimations for larger Mw events in comparison to our state-dependent models and cumulative-damage method. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Basin-Wide Variation in Tree Hydraulic Safety Margins Predicts the Carbon Balance of Amazon Forests(Nature Research, 2023-05-04)Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3–5, little is known about how these vary across Earth’s largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth–mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, An Analysis of the Early Impacts of COVID-19 on Peruvian Fisheries and Mariculture(Oxford University Press, 2023-11-01)The coastal waters off Peru are among the world's most productive, thanks to the Humboldt Current and its strong coastal upwelling. Fisheries and an ever-expanding mariculture sector provide millions of Peruvians livelihoods, income, and nutrition. Coastal communities engaging with these sectors face a volatile environment they have historically adapted to. But when the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded in 2020, affecting all aspects of life, challenges for the fisheries and mariculture sectors emerged to a yet unprecedented extent. This work applies a mixed-method approach for documenting and analysing the effects of the pandemic on the Peruvian seafood sector and seafood worker's economy in particular. Mobility restrictions and market closures disrupted seafood supply chains, altering access to nutrition and income for many people involved. Interviewees aimed to diversify livelihood strategies and use personal networks to withstand the crisis, while some established adaptation strategies, such as migration towards other fishing grounds, were largely impeded. Our results highlight the vulnerability of seafood value chains - mainly artisanal and small-scale fisheries - in the face of such a global crisis. The implications of the pandemic for the long-term sustainability of Peruvian coastal-marine activities are discussed and set into the context of previously experienced crises in the region. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Vulnerability as a Business Outcome: Evidence from a Global Platform-Work Across Africa, Latin America, and North America(Taylor & Francis, 2026-01-01)Platform-mediated work has become a defining feature of global labor markets, yet research continues to conceptualize worker vulnerability primarily as an individual condition or an unintended by-product of regulatory gaps. Drawing on international business theory, this study reconceptualizes vulnerability as a business outcome of platform internationalization. Following an inductive qualitative research and semi-structured interviews with 30 tutors working on a global online tutoring platform across Latin America, Africa, and North America, the study examines how standardized platform governance mechanisms generate and stabilize vulnerability across heterogeneous institutional contexts. The findings show that platform practices such as unpaid trial work, pricing architectures, ratings-based visibility, and unilateral enforcement systematically externalize economic and social risks onto workers. Vulnerability persists not because workers are unaware of these risks, but because platform-provided economic and organizational advantages such as relative income gains, flexibility, global market access, and purpose-driven work, function as stabilization mechanisms that sustain participation. Latin America emerges as a critical explanatory context where weak institutional buffers and limited labor market alternatives intensify dependence on platform income, rendering vulnerability a durable condition rather than a transitional state. By demonstrating how standardized platform governance interacts with institutional asymmetries to produce uneven vulnerability outcomes, this study advances international business research on gig multinational platforms and highlights the social consequences of scalable global business models in Latin America and beyond. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Vulnerability and adaptive resilience in global platform work: Cross-cultural insights from tutors across emerging and developed economies(SAGE Publishing, 2026-01-01)This study explores how professional language tutors working on a global digital platform navigate the challenges of platform work across culturally and economically diverse contexts. Drawing on grounded theory and interviews with tutors from emerging and developed economies, we develop a process model of how individuals respond to platform vulnerability, build adaptive resilience, and sustain professional identity in the absence of formal organizational structures. The findings reveal that tutors construct resilience through emotional regulation, cultural mediation, and relational engagement, enabling them to manage systemic demands and craft meaningful roles within algorithmically governed environments. We show that while core practices are shared, the meaning, motivation, and consequences of these strategies vary significantly across contexts. Tutors in emerging economies emphasize economic continuity and social positioning, while those in developed economies focus on autonomy and intrinsic purpose. This study contributes to cross-cultural management by theorizing how resilience and identity are enacted through culturally situated practices, and by illuminating the contextual conditions that shape agency in global platform work. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Performing Vulnerability at Times of Crisis: The Peruvian State and the Configuration of the Digital Cultural Entrepreneur(Wiley, 2026-09-01)This article examines mitigation mechanisms implemented by Peru's Ministry of Culture during the COVID‐19 pandemic to buffer the economic effects on the cultural sector. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted between 2022 and 2023—including interviews with officials and beneficiaries and visits to craft workshops across eight regions—we examine how these policies shaped a new citizen subject: the “digital cultural entrepreneur.” We propose the concept of vulnerability as performance to theorize how access to state support is mediated through the enactment of both precarity and entrepreneurial agency. Our findings show that the very mechanisms of state support —such as online application portals, digital training mandates, and self‐management requirements—reconfigure artisanal practices by embedding digitalization and self‐management within regimes of cultural policy, reinforcing neoliberal rationalities. The study contributes to the anthropology of entrepreneurship by showing how these specific relief initiatives generate differentiated effects according to uneven digital and social capacities, exposing tensions between productivity imperatives and the structural precariousness of cultural labor in contexts of crisis.