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Item type:Publication, Multiple criteria assessment of sustainability programs in the textile industry(Wiley, 2020-09-14)Abstract To survive in the long term, business needs to profit, controlling environmental impacts with social responsibility. Sustainability programs involve the integration of social and environmental issues in business models and organizational processes. The assessment of sustainability programs is a problem of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This work presents applications of MCDA for the assessment of sustainability programs in the textile industry. Applied methods for MCDA are analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for the order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The reasons to apply AHP and TOPSIS include providing an assessment index, ranging from 0 to 1, and that the MCDA model is expected to have more criteria than alternatives. Therefore, an application of other methods, such as data envelopment analysis, could be prejudiced. Concepts from the triple bottom line, economic, social as well as environmental criteria were inserted in the proposed model. Sustainability programs of six leading companies from the Brazilian textile industry were evaluated. The main finding of the research is that AHP and TOPSIS resulted in similar evaluations for sustainability programs. Both methods resulted in the same rank of alternatives. However, with TOPSIS, companies' sustainability indices were more disperse, varying from 0.10 to 0.92 against a range from 0.23 to 0.69 with AHP. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Adsorption of Congo red on montmorillonite modified with titanium and aluminum pillars(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025-01-01)The present work aimed to synthesize pillared clays with titanium (Ti-PILC) and aluminum (Al-PILC) from montmorillonite (LG-PILC) and to verify their efficiency in removing the anionic diazo dye Congo red via adsorption. The clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zeta potential, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In the adsorption tests, the kinetics of equilibrium, adsorption dosage, and adsorption isotherms were studied, as well as the recovery and reutilization of the adsorbents. The results of the adsorption tests indicated that the process reached equilibrium after 90 min; the amount of dye removed per gram of adsorbent (qe, mg.g−1) was 23.01, 34.92, and 25.45 for the clays LG-PILC, Ti-PILC, and Al-PILC, respectively. In the kinetic studies of adsorption, all samples followed the pseudo-second-order model. The optimal adsorbent dosage for removing Congo red across all samples was 0.5 g.L−1. Among the adsorption isotherm models tested, the isotherms found in LG-PILC and Al-PILC samples were closest to the Henry isotherm (R2 = 0.94 and 0.84 for LG-PILC and Al-PILC, respectively). In contrast, the isotherm found in Ti-PILC clay was closest to the Langmuir model in linear form (R2 = 0.98). XRD results showed that the clay composition is mainly montmorillonite, and all other characterization results indicated that the pillars formed within the clay. In the recovery and reuse of clays (with post-treatment), it was observed that the clays maintained the ability to remove Congo red at each reuse stage. Still, they decrease after each cycle (reaching stability as the cycles go by). The clays studied in this research demonstrated high potential for removing Congo red, with the most promising being titanium pillared clay (Ti-PILC). The Ti-PILC clay showed superior adsorption properties to other adsorbents reported in the current literature.2