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Item type:Publication, Quantifying productivity at landscape scale using remotely-sensed foliar traits and canopy structure(Research Square, 2020-11-02)Abstract Forests are integral to global carbon cycling but are threatened by anthropogenic degradation and climate change. Assessing this global threat has been hindered by a lack of clear, flexible, and easy-to-use productivity models along with a lack of functional trait and productivity data for parameterizing and testing those models. Current productivity models are either extremely complex requiring up to hundreds of parameters, many sub-models, and considerable computational expense or rely on statistical trait-growth relationships that can be hard to extrapolate to new systems or climates. Here we provide a simple alternative: a remote sensing canopy functional model (RS-CFM) that uses remotely-sensed foliar traits and canopy structure data to efficiently map productivity at high-resolution and large spatial scales. We test this model by quantifying net primary productivity (NPP) at 0.01-ha resolution in 30,040 hectares of Peruvian tropical rainforest along a 3,322-m Amazon-to-Andes elevation gradient. Our model predicts local NPP and elevational shifts in NPP much more accurately and in greater detail than a prominent alternative method—NASA’s MODIS NPP product. Furthermore, we show how NPP estimates depend on light competition and identify the appropriate spatial resolution for remote productivity estimation. Our framework opens up possibilities to fully harness remote sensing data and reliably scale up from traits to map regional or global productivity in a more direct, efficient, and cost-effective manner. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Development and validation of the theory-driven School Resilience Scale for Adults: Preliminary results(Elsevier, 2020-12-01)Resilience is the ability of an individual or community to adapt to life challenges or adversities while maintaining mental health and well-being. In the multi-systemic resilience paradigm, human development and resilience is embedded in adaptive systems and in their interactions. Although the relationship between school systems and adolescents' mental wellbeing is established, there is no agreement on how to recognize and evaluate the most relevant aspects of the school community, acting at collective level, to boost positive socio-emotional and educational outcomes in children and adolescents. This study presents the development and preliminary validation of a new and theory-driven construct and instrument, the School Resilience Scale for Adults (SRS). School Resilience comprises five interrelated constructs (i.e. Positive relationships, Belonging, Inclusion, Participation, and Mental health awareness) connected theoretically to wellbeing and resilience in children and adolescents. The scale development was theory-driven, and the instrument was tested in four European counties in the frame of the UPRIGHT project (Universal Preventive Resilience Intervention Globally implemented in schools to improve and promote mental Health for Teenagers). Overall, 340 adults participated, 129 teachers and school staff, and 211 relatives of teenagers. The sample was randomly split for two studies: (1) an Exploratory Factor analysis (ESEM), and (2) Confirmatory Factor (CFA) analysis. In the exploratory analysis, Chi-Square difference test and model fit indices point towards the five-factor solution over a three-factor solution. The confirmatory study indicated that a five-factor model (RMSEA = 0.038, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.045) was slightly better than a second-order model (RMSEA = 0.046, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.05). Convergent and discriminant validities were partially demonstrated. Alpha and omega reliability coefficients verified the measurement model of the scale. The results confirmed that a multidimensional construct of School Resilience, defined as a collective resilience factor, embedded in the school staff, family members, and adolescents’ interrelated systems can be characterized and measured. Further studies must determine its role in the promotion of adolescents' resilience, mental wellbeing, educational outcomes, and in their positive adaptation in challenging contexts. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Applied science facilitates the large-scale expansion of protected areas in an Amazonian hot spot(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2021-07-01)Meeting international commitments to protect 17% of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide will require >3 million square kilometers of new protected areas and strategies to create those areas in a way that respects local communities and land use. In 2000–2016, biological and social scientists worked to increase the protected proportion of Peru’s largest department via 14 interdisciplinary inventories covering >9 million hectares of this megadiverse corner of the Amazon basin. In each landscape, the strategy was the same: convene diverse partners, identify biological and sociocultural assets, document residents’ use of natural resources, and tailor the findings to the needs of decision-makers. Nine of the 14 landscapes have since been protected (5.7 million hectares of new protected areas), contributing to a quadrupling of conservation coverage in Loreto (from 6 to 23%). We outline the methods and enabling conditions most crucial for successfully applying similar campaigns elsewhere on Earth. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Bridging worlds in bedform research with an open access, universal toolbox: the Bedform Analysis Toolbox(Wiley, 2021-12-21)Bedforms (ripples, dunes, sandwaves) are ubiquitous features in many sandy subaqueous settings. They have been observed in a wide variety of flows, including rivers, the surf zone, estuaries, tidal inlets, shallow seas, and deep waters. Bedforms exert a major influence on a range of processes, from small-scale turbulence and sediment transport to large-scale coastal geomorphology. Therefore, knowledge on the dimensions, morphological characteristics and dynamics of large bedforms is relevant for a range of fundamental and applied research. Several methods have been developed over the years to characterise bedform dimensions from bathymetric data. Each method has been created for a specific (e.g. discriminate bedform scale, calculate bedform size and/or shape, detect crestlines) and environment (unidirectional, constrained tidal or open marine) and with a certain accuracy (precise time-consuming detection or coarse rapid detection). Although some of these methods are freely available, it may be difficult for scientists to use them due to the specificity of their design. A unique toolbox which combines the available methods into one easy-to-use software would help the bedform community advance knowledge on bedform research by facilitating the analysis of bedform characteristics. This should also include recommendations of which method should be used for which purpose. The present project aims at creating a Bedform Analysis Toolbox which combines several methods already available. The toolbox will be made open source and freely available. Feedback on the need of the community or required design and specificity would help us create a toolbox which is useful to many scientists. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, High-resolution grids of daily air temperature for Peru - the new PISCOt v1.2 dataset(Center for Open Science, 2022-12-30)Gridded high-resolution climate datasets are increasingly important for a wide range of modelling applications. Here we present PISCOt (v1.2), a novel high spatial resolution (0.01°) dataset of daily air temperature for entire Peru (1981-2020). The dataset development involves four main steps: i) quality control; ii) gap-filling; iii) homogenisation of weather stations, and iv) spatial interpolation using additional data, a revised calculation sequence and an enhanced version control. This improved methodological framework enables capturing complex spatial variability of maximum and minimum air temperature at a more accurate scale compared to other existing datasets (e.g. PISCOt v1.1, ERA5-Land, TerraClimate, CHIRTS). PISCOt performs well with mean absolute errors of 1.4 °C and 1.2 °C for maximum and minimum air temperature, respectively. For the first time, PISCOt v1.2 adequately captures complex climatology at high spatiotemporal resolution and therefore provides a substantial improvement for numerous applications at local-regional level. This is particularly useful in view of data scarcity and urgently needed model-based decision making for climate change, water balance and ecosystem assessment studies in Peru. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, IWRM and the legacies of large-scale agriculture in the Peruvian Amazon(University of Warwick, 2022-02-08)The advancement of agribusiness in Latin America has created environmental strains and les to increasing conflicts with local based economies dependent on small scale agriculture. Among the efforts to halt its negative effects, new models of resource governance emerged aiming to integrate stakeholders and users into accountable organisations. This article reviews the attempt to impose Integrated water resources management (IWRM) over the water governance arrangements of a native community in the Peruvian Amazon that faces an increasing intervention of rice agribusiness in their lands. The resulting dynamic can be understood as an altered arrangement: it doesn’t lead to the creation of an IWRM institution, nor does it reject new governance architectures. The rescaling of water governance, the interpretation of IWRM meanings and the contingency of the results, all within the frame of a history of agricultural development interventions in indigenous lands, helps us understand this phenomenon. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Improving landscape-scale productivity estimates by integrating trait-based models and remotely-sensed foliar-trait and canopy-structural data(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-08-01)Assessing the impacts of anthropogenic degradation and climate change on global carbon cycling is hindered by a lack of clear, flexible and easy-to-use productivity models along with scarce trait and productivity data for parameterizing and testing those models. We provide a simple solution: a mechanistic framework (RS-CFM) that combines remotely-sensed foliar-trait and canopy-structural data with trait-based metabolic theory to efficiently map productivity at large spatial scales. We test this framework by quantifying net primary productivity (NPP) at high-resolution (0.01-ha) in hyper-diverse Peruvian tropical forests (30040 hectares) along a 3322-m elevation gradient. Our analysis captures hotspots and elevational shifts in productivity more accurately and in greater detail than alternative empirical- and process-based models that use plant functional types. This result exposes how high-resolution, location-specific variation in traits and light competition drive variability in productivity, opening up possibilities to fully harness remote sensing data and reliably scale up from traits to map global productivity in a more direct, efficient and cost-effective manner. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Psychometric assessment of the Communication Skills Scale among Peruvian nurses and exploration of its association with job insecurity(2024-09-29)The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Communication Skills Scale (CSS) among Peruvian nurses and its association with job insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored five models of confirmatory factor analysis for the CSS and its four subscales and assessed the convergent validity and criterion validity of the scale by analyzing its connection with job insecurity through stepwise multiple regression. We used insights from a focus group for the cultural adaptation of the scale. In the psychometric phase, 225 nurses participated through a virtual survey. The psychometric analysis revealed that the CSS and its subscales have a robust internal structure—similar to the original questionnaire—and are optimally reliable in the Peruvian population. Furthermore, the results show that job insecurity was associated with contract type, communication skills, empathy, and job satisfaction. The CSS and its subscales are valid and reliable to be applied to Peruvian nurses. Initiatives should be undertaken to strengthen communication skills and increase job satisfaction among nursing professionals by improving their working conditions, especially in times of crisis, to reduce job insecurity and promote well-being. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, When Scaling Up Isn't Enough: The Impacts of Peru's Mental Health Care Reform on Adolescents(National Institutes of Health, 2025-12-01)In the last 15 years, coalitions of individuals and institutions worldwide have been calling for global policies to close the treatment gap for people living with mental disorders. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature on the effects of the diffusion of these global mental health polices by exploring their implementation and impact in Peru. Aligned with the Movement for Global Mental Health, Peru has carried out a mental health reform aimed at scaling up mental health care in public facilities. Using the human rights-based framework of availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality, this paper examines the reform's effects on a population prioritized by global and Peruvian policies: adolescents. The analysis, based on qualitative research, illustrates how the reform's overemphasis on scaling up access to pharmaceutical treatment neglects critical issues such as health system capacity, the availability of trained human resources, the need for intercultural approaches tailored to adolescents, and information systems that adequately monitor policy impact. The analysis also highlights how a reform that promotes pharmacological treatment creates risks of abuse by private actors involved in the marketing of psychiatric medications.2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, 7