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    The Catholic Church in fragile democracies: An influencer, a moral guide, or a judge? A case study from the Peruvian Catholic Church
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-03-01)
    This paper navigates the complex roles that the Catholic Church assumes in fragile democracies, exploring whether it functions as an influencer, a moral guide, or a judge in shaping public policies and societal values using the Peruvian context as a focal reference. The authors begin by providing an overview of the global religious landscape, highlighting the diverse and polarized trends within the ecclesial institution. In the second part of this paper, this study delves into the homilies of two influential Peruvian prelates, Mgr. Cipriani and Mgr. Castillo, representing opposing theological currents within the Catholic Church, offering a pertinent exploration of how religious institutions engage with evolving international and local trends in the context of democracy.
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    Messianic Fraternity: Anticommunism in the General Conferences of the Latin American and Caribbean Episcopate
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-01-01)
    This paper analyzes the development and consolidation of anticommunist discourse in the General Conferences of the Latin American Episcopate (CELAM), from Rio de Janeiro to Aparecida. It adopts a critical perspective to examine the construction of the “messianic fraternity” myth—an ideological narrative contrasting Christian ideals of community and redemption with Marxist principles of class struggle and revolution, which served as a central axis for the Church's rejection of communism in Latin America. Grounded in a critical analysis of the CELAM's final documents, this study identifies the theological, political, and social underpinnings of this stance, situating it within the historical and geopolitical dynamics that positioned the Church as a key counterforce to Marxism in the region. It also examines how anticommunist positions shaped pastoral strategies, particularly in relation to social movements like liberation theology, and reinforced an episcopal identity centered on defending Christian values against a perceived global ideological threat. This analysis highlights the Church's internal tensions and contradictions and the broader impact of its anticommunist stance on Latin America's sociopolitical and religious dynamics in the twentieth century.
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    In the Same Spirit. Looking for Political Legitimacy: Conservative Christian Alliances in Contemporary Peru
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2025-01-01)
    The relationship between religion and politics in recent decades has seen new actors, new strategies, and new objectives. In a global scenario marked by the empowerment of the political far right and the decline of democracy, the emergence of authoritarian religious leaders in politics stands out. In the last decade, this phenomenon has been evident in several Latin American countries, including Peru. This study analyzes the relationship between the political and religious fields, emphasizing the convergence of Catholic and Evangelical actors whose practices and discourses seem to be driven by the same "spirit." Although the roots of such relationships lie in the 1990s, this study focuses on the last decade. Faced with a severe political crisis and deep distrust of social institutions, far-right political leaders seek to regain legitimacy in the religious sphere, whose institutions are the only ones that still have significant credibility. Conservative religious authoritarianism in Peruvian politics has a serious impact on the weakening of democracy. This article examines this phenomenon of de-democratization linked to the erosion of fundamental elements of classical democracy. Theological resources and technical effects of new media are reviewed to understand their effect on transforming political adversaries into illegitimate "enemies." The study considers the importance of religion for the majority of the population, the specific weight of Catholics and Evangelicals, and the effect of the recent election of Pope Leo XIV on the balance of power—progressives versus conservatives—in Catholic leadership.
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