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Item type:Publication, Governance and regulation of the Peruvian university system: overcoming reform resistance through quality assurance policies(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-09-01)This article examines the new governance of the Peruvian university system, which evolved in response to market liberalisation and weak quality assurance mechanisms. New actors and commercial interests emerged, building their network of relationships within the political arena. With the passing of a new Universities Law in 2014, ambitious reforms were set in motion, designed to reverse the decline in the quality of higher education. This study examines these reforms, focusing on whether and how they are changing the governance and structure of the system. It also identifies some conceptual and design flaws, such as the weaknesses of the main steering body and the accreditation regime, as well as limitations on the independence of the regulatory agency. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Regulation and protection of urban wetlands: A comparative analysis in Chile, Colombia, and Peru(Springer, 2024-01-01)Latin American countries have a set of legal instruments and public policies that contribute to the protection of urban wetlands against the pressure of city expansion that threatens their extent and quality. With the aim of discussing the role of public policies and regulations in the protection of urban wetlands, the situation in Chile, Colombia, and Peru is analyzed in a comparative manner. These countries are examples of diverse regulations and wetland biodiversity in urban environments. Legal instruments for environmental protection and conservation, spatial planning, and urban planning relevant to the management of urban wetlands are analyzed. In addition, advances in regulation and protection of urban wetlands are evaluated and contrasted based on national-level indicators. The lack of effective protection measures is demonstrated. The three countries have adhered to the Ramsar Convention to protect their wetlands and have established Ramsar sites; however, their existence does not stop the pressures and threats to the wetlands. It is identified that Peru has a larger surface area of Ramsar sites and that Colombia has the most extensive Ramsar urban wetland. It is highlighted that Chile has a recent urban wetlands law, while in Colombia and Peru the category of urban wetland does not exist in legislation. Meanwhile, in the protected natural areas, urban wetlands practically have no presence. Among the main weaknesses are the disarticulation between sectors and planning scales; in addition to outdated planning instruments regarding current challenges such as climate change, the water crisis, and the loss of biodiversity. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Regulatory and Broadband Industry Responses to COVID-19: Cases of Uganda, Peru, and the Caribbean(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2023-05-09)The COVID-19 pandemic was particularly challenging for developing countries because of pre-existing poverty and severe inequality. Governments tended to set public safety as a primary goal, but it could not be their singular goal. Broadband was an important feature of any policy solution. Business lockdowns, school closures, and social distancing led to an unprecedented acceleration in the demand for broadband. But the government restrictions on social and economic interactions made it difficult to maintain and expand broadband networks. Governments might have let markets work out this challenge of escalating demand and increasing costs of supply, but few did. Governments quickly grew to believe that it would need cooperative relationships among multiple government agencies and private businesses to answer what appeared to be a broadband shortage. Regulatory controls over broadband providers were quickly suspended in favour of developing common goals and coordinated efforts. These approaches proved effective, although citizens continued to suffer from the pandemic. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Intertwined Realities—Hybrid Institutions in the Peruvian Fisheries and Aquaculture Sectors(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-06-01)Following pro-market policies, the Peruvian state has aimed to regulate profitable fisheries and aquaculture activities in order to increase their production. However, informal and illegal activities not only persist but are also interlinked with formal practices and frameworks, creating intertwined realities in fostering processes of institutional hybridization. This article analyses the (re)production of informal and illegal activities by explaining the formation of hybrid institutional entanglements in the Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) fishery in Pisco and the Peruvian bay scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) aquaculture industry in Sechura. It argues that state policies to promote industrial fisheries and entrepreneurial aquaculture for the global market coupled with limited interest in supporting small-scale fisheries and aquaculture activities have resulted in processes of institutional hybridization. Within these processes, social actors resist and accommodate formal regulatory frameworks to suit their respective needs, while intertwining formal and informal practices and institutional arrangements, based on their political leverage or ability to produce hybrid institutional entanglements in a context where regulation is limited and state authority is negotiated. Under these forms of hybrid governance, the article shows that interactions between state and non-state actors do not lead to collaborations for solving problems but to the persistence of sustainability problems. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Pumping resources: the new groundwater tariff in Peru and its contribution to water supply infrastructure funding(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2026-05-01)Aquifers are natural sources of resilience to seasonal drought and extreme weather events, and yet, in many parts of the world, they face the threat of over extraction and depletion. In 2015, Peru implemented a new regime in which water utility companies can assume the responsibility for groundwater monitoring and management, benefiting individuals, businesses, and industries extracting groundwater through wells. In return for this service, the water utility company can charge them a tariff, calculated by the water and sanitation regulator. The tariff calculation includes the financial costs of monitoring water levels and recharging aquifers, but also enables the recovery of part of the investments that were deployed to supply drinking water to the city, considering that they indirectly benefit groundwater extractors by contributing to availability of water in aquifers. This is an innovative approach that allows to account for externalities in water pricing, avoiding that piped water customers inadvertently subsidize groundwater extractors. The paper analyzes the case of Lima, where revenues coming from groundwater extractors make an important contribution to infrastructure funding. The estimations indicate that, under a counterfactual scenario where no groundwater regime exists and water customers must bear the entire burden of water infrastructure projects, there would be an average tariff increase of 9.7%. The results of this paper are significant in a context where policy debate in infrastructure service transitions from a model reliant solely on customer tariffs to one incorporating complementary mechanisms to recover not only financial but also environmental and resource costs. By documenting this successful experience, the paper quantifies the capacity of innovative mechanisms to capture the value generated by infrastructure projects, while contributing to sustainable groundwater abstraction and affordable water services.1