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Item type:Publication, Rasch modeling approach for measuring young children’s informal mathematics in Peru(Modestum LTD, 2022-01-01)One of the strongest predictors of future academic achievement is the early and informal math skills children begin their school studies. Because of this, it is essential to have proper tools for measuring the development of mathematical thinking at an early age to be able to intervene in a timelier, more effective way. The purpose of this research is to calibrate the items of informal mathematics from the test of early mathematics ability–third edition (TEMA-3) by applying the Rasch model. A total of 148 Peruvian preschool children (ranging in age from five to six years) participated in the study. The results show good psychometric properties of the informal mathematics dimension of the instrument, which indicates a good fit of the student sample, the items to the proposed model and a tendency toward unbiased items. We further determined that the items analyzed exhibit a consistent internal structure at the theoretical level. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Psychometric properties of a scale of attitudes toward musical genres linked to social groups in Peru(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022-11-01)The present research seeks to develop a scale that can measure attitudes toward different musical expressions representative of different social groups, such as the Andean and Afro-Peruvian groups. The participants were 312 individuals between 18 and 83 years of age ( M = 32.42, SD = 14.97), and the majority had no professional musical knowledge. First, Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using the Unweighted Least Squares as the extraction method and using Oblimin rotation for the Andean and Afro-Peruvian musical genres. An identical factorial structure with two dimensions was found for both musical genres, obtaining optimal reliability according to Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. This similarity was verified by performing an invariance analysis, obtaining evidence that the proposed scale can be used regardless of the musical genre. Furthermore, correlation analyses were performed between the dimensions of the attitudes scale and variables such as stereotypes (toward the Andean and Afro-Peruvian social groups) and conservative ideology; the results provided evidence of discriminant validity. Finally, comparisons were made between musicians and non-musicians using the same dimensions of the attitude scale as evidence for criterion validity. The results are discussed based on scale’s optimal psychometric functioning, as well as its implications at the level of intergroup dynamics. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, New psychometric evidence of the Life Satisfaction Scale in older adults: An exploratory graph analysis approach(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-10-01)The objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of a life satisfaction scale in older Peruvian adults using an exploratory graph analysis (EGA) approach. A total of 407 older adults aged between 60 and 95 years (M = 69.5; SD = 6.7) from three comprehensive elderly care centers (CIAMs) in Lima, Peru, were recruited. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was analyzed using EGA with the Gaussian GLASSO model to assess its dimensionality and structural consistency. The relationship with other variables was analyzed using scales such as the GAD-7 and PHQ-9. The network structure of the SWLS indicates a single dimension. Additionally, network loadings (nodes) were examined, showing high values (>0.35) for most items except item 1, which had a moderate loading (>0.25). Structural reliability showed that a single dimension was identified 100% of the time. The post hoc CFA considering the unidimensional network structure obtained through EGA showed satisfactory fit (χ2/df = 3.48, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.07 [90% CI 0.05, 0.08]). Finally, internal consistency reliability was acceptable (ω = 0.92). The SWLS measure is robust and consistent. These findings are a valuable reference for advancing research on aging in Peru, as they provide a practical, valid, and reliable measure. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Psychometric properties of the positivity scale in a Latin American sample: positivity as a unidimensional personality variable(BioMed Central Ltd, 2026-12-01)Despite extensive research in European and North American contexts, studies on positivity in Latin America remain limited. The sociocultural dynamics of the region present unique challenges that may shape the expression and relevance of positivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Positivity Scale, a self-report measure that assesses the tendency to view and approach life and experiences from a positive perspective, in Latin American population. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional instrumental study. The research included 1,017 adults from Mexico, Colombia, and Peru who were recruited through online platforms. The participants completed a survey including a sociodemographic questionnaire, the P-Scale, and measures of self-esteem (RSES), satisfaction with life (SWLS), optimism (LOT-R), depressive symptoms (PHQ-2), and negative affect (PANAS). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the scale's unidimensional structure. Measurement invariance across countries and sex was assessed. Convergent and divergent validity was evaluated through correlation analyses. Reliability was examined via Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis of the P-scale revealed that the removal of item 6, which had a low factor loading, and the inclusion of a covariance between items 1 and 4 significantly improved the model fit. The final model demonstrated acceptable fit indices, with standardized factor loadings ranging from .45 to .85. Invariance testing by country and sex remained within acceptable thresholds, supporting the scale´s configural, metric and scalar invariance. Reliability analyses demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = .86, ω = .86). Correlation analyses revealed significant positive relationships of positivity with self-esteem, life satisfaction and negative correlations with depressive symptomatology and negative affect. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the generality of the positivity construct while also highlighting the importance of cultural adaptations to ensure measurement precision. By having a validated P-Scale, researchers and practitioners can better understand and promote well-being in populations facing unique sociocultural challenges.3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Measuring Organizational Gender Backlash Against Women Leaders: Scale Development, Psychometric Evidence, and Associations With Career Self-Limitation(Wiley, 2026-01-01)This study develops and evaluates preliminary psychometric evidence for the Organizational Gender Backlash Scale (OGB‐S), a candidate measure of gendered organizational practices through which women's authority, competence, legitimacy, and access to strategic resources are challenged when they occupy or exercise leadership in masculine‐coded domains. As exploratory nomological evidence, the study examines whether OGB is associated with leadership‐related psychological and health strain and symbolic career self‐limitation among women leaders. A non‐probabilistic, purposive sample of 271 women holding formal or informal leadership positions in Peruvian organizations participated in the study. The OGB‐S was evaluated as a theoretically specified set of organizational backlash indicators covering hostility/cognitive invalidation, sabotage/obstruction, exclusion, and gender stereotyping/role policing. The revised analytical strategy follows a preliminary validity‐evidence sequence: ordinal CFA model comparisons for internal structure, reliability estimation, item‐functioning analyses conditional on the supported structure, exploratory spatial and network mapping, and nomological associations with leadership‐related strain and symbolic career self‐limitation. The complementary analyses are interpreted as exploratory or nomological evidence, not as substitutes for CFA‐based structural validation. Ordinal CFA did not support strict unidimensionality or a completed validation claim. None of the tested CFA specifications reached conventional close‐fit thresholds because RMSEA remained elevated across models. The one‐factor model for the 16 theoretically specified core items showed acceptable incremental fit but elevated absolute misfit (CFI = 0.957, TLI = 0.951, RMSEA = 0.119, SRMR = 0.061). A correlated four‐factor model improved fit (CFI = 0.976, TLI = 0.970, RMSEA = 0.093, SRMR = 0.049), and a second‐order model remained plausible but still short of close fit (CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.967, RMSEA = 0.097, SRMR = 0.052). Reliability was high (alpha = 0.947; omega total = 0.964; Schmid–Leiman omega hierarchical = 0.842). These findings support preliminary coherence and relative multidimensional structure, not definitive construct validation or readiness for applied diagnostic use. In the two‐stage PLS‐PM exploratory nomological model, OGB was positively associated with leadership‐related strain (beta = 0.597) and with symbolic career self‐limitation through strain (indirect beta = 0.311), accounting for 35.7% of variance in strain and 55.0% in self‐limitation. The study operationalizes Organizational Gender Backlash as role‐contingent practices reported by women leaders themselves, extending backlash research beyond experimental penalties and proxy outcomes. It offers the OGB‐S as an initial measurement framework for studying how women's authority is challenged after they enter or exercise leadership roles. Consistent with the CFA evidence, the scale should be treated as a preliminary instrument requiring further item refinement, replication, and external validation.1