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Nietzsche: Experimental Skepticism and the Question of Values
(Springer, 2020-10-19)
After presenting the general state of the field regarding Nietzsche and skepticism in specialized studies, I explain why it is essential to contextualize this topic through a comparative analysis of Human, All Too Human and Beyond Good and Evil. Both books raise the issue of skepticism in relation to the possibility of knowledge, the end of metaphysics, and the problem of values. Nietzsche seeks to overcome epistemological skepticism by means of an alliance between philosophy and history in the so-called intermediate books Daybreak and The Gay Science, and then concludes in Beyond Good and Evil that skepticism is a good instrument in the pursuit of knowledge and of that which has value, and that precisely skepticism, as an instrument, is essential for philosophy, which is nonetheless responsible for not being skeptical about what has value.
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Sobre el conocimiento de la cosa en sí según Schopenhauer
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2020-04-15)
This paper proposes to analyze Schopenhauer’s methodological and hermeneutical considerations regarding the knowledge of the thing-in-itself. For this purpose, I explain the nature of the philosophical abstraction in light of the primacy of the metaphysics of the Will. I argue that the possibility of the philosophical research is rooted on the interpretation of self-knowledge as an instance of the Will’s objectivation. In this regard, I will plead that the definition and criteria developed by Schopenhauer for his philosophy are established at the expense of deductive demonstration, in favor of a peculiar and particular form of abstraction fitted for the philosophical enterprise and subject matter. Finally, I will present an interpretation of the epistemological basis of reflection in line with schopenhauerian philosophy.
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Philosophy and children: For or with?
(State Univ of Rio de Janeiro - Center of Childhood and Philosophy Studies, 2020-01-01)
In this paper, two different philosophical proposals to introduce and carry out philosophy in school spaces which include the participation of children are compared. These are: Philosophy for Children (P4C), mainly developed by Matthew Lipman and Ann Sharp, and Philosophy with Children (PwC), which is actually a set of “second generation” (counter)proposals-as described by Vansieleghem and Kennedy (2011), based on Reed and Johnson (1999)-among which those created by Walter Kohan and Karin Murris, to mention a few, stand out. The text begins with some similarities between both proposals, before comparing them in each of their dimensions. First, P4C is discussed. Second, PwC. Their ideas about education, school, philosophical education, their concept of childhood, the role given to teachers and their relation with politics are the main focus. Third, PwC's critique of the P4C program is studied. Finally, the paper concludes with some ideas on the issue of introducing philosophy in the school space. Particularly, PwC's proposal is supported, fundamentally because of its coherent acknowledgment of the autonomy of teachers and of the political element in education, and since philosophical experience with children is characterized in particular by questioning and critiquing, and, therefore offers the possibility of bringing about important transformations, at both the personal-individual and the collective levels.
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La filosofía del derecho de Hegel: ¿política, no metafísica?
(Sociedade Hegel Brasileira, 2021-02-27)
Perhaps unconsciously emulating the intention of John Rawls to turn liberalism into a purely political theory, without presuppositions or metaphysical pretensions, some contemporary authors propose to update the central approaches of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, but also to dispense it with its dependence on his Science of Logic. We will analyze whether this claim is possible, and for this we will focus especially on the methodological strategy used by Axel Honneth in his various works on the matter. Even recognizing the relative plausibility that such an undertaking can have, we will argue, however, not only that it is not possible to dispense with those metaphysical presuppositions, but that, well understood, they actually constitute the greatest richness of the most relevant ideas of the Philosophy of Right. We will make a differentiation between immediate, mediate and hermeneutical presuppositions, and this should show us the different levels of dependence between the two mentioned works of Hegel.
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Revisiting Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology of the ego: Existence and praxis
(Springer Nature, 2022-01-01)
Two views have characterized the mainstream reception of Husserl’s work based on his lifetime’s publications. One considers his method and philosophy as primarily theoretical and dependent on the Cartesian paradigm. The other regards his eidetic method as caught in a “logicism of essences.” Both endured after Husserl’s 1936 Crisis and the later publications of his Nachlass. Thus the view has prevailed that his work was unable to address questions concerning concrete existence, historical facticity, ethical life, and metaphysical problems. Offsetting this view, this paper examines the origin and underlying arguments of these two interpretations and attempts to shed new light on both. In doing so, the paper accomplishes two tasks. First, it uncovers the eminently practical nature of Husserl’s transcendental subjectivity as a functioning active (constitutive) ego. Second, it reveals the existential roots of his transcendental ego. Both approaches stand together, and their upshot is a non-conventional, “unitary,” interpretation of Husserl’s work.
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From reason to love? Or from love to reason? The role of instincts
(Springer Nature, 2022-01-01)
Husserl held that rational life is guided and surrounded by a “non-actualized” horizon of varied interests motivated by passive life. I wonder here, specifically, whether the properly theoretical rational activity (praxis)—an activity that claims to attain the unquestionable and pure cognitive objectivity enshrined by modernity—is ever wholly dissociated from its emotional and somatic roots. Both a historical overview of the nature of love as a polymorphic phenomenon and Husserl’s reading of Fichte serve as background for the hypothesis proposed by this paper.
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Experimental skepticism and the question of values in Nietzsche's thought
(Springer Nature, 2024-12-23)
In recent years, the question of Nietzsche's position on skepticism has taken on new vigor. On the one hand, although it cannot be easily ascertained what sources of ancient skepticism he was familiar with, Nietzsche's point of view is closer to the Pyrrhonian version, at least in the sense that it is more an attitude, virtue, or method than a logical or epistemological position. However, Nietzsche in fact deals directly with the versions of skepticism that, in his opinion, are contemporary and mainly in line with the discussion of Kantianism; although there are some notable exceptions, for example, among modern philosophers, he reads Montaigne. On the other hand, his own epistemological theses, mainly those that propose the paradox of truth as error, prompt us to consider whether he falls into relativism, negative dogmatism, or simply a dead end. For any scholar of Nietzsche's philosophy, in addition to the difficulty of establishing what skepticism actually is, there is an additional one: the wide range of Nietzsche's questions and positions. His skepticism may well be both a praxis used to undermine dogmatic positions and an instrument used to reveal paradoxes.
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Marcha, canción o Himno Nacional del Perú: cuestiones nominales y legales desde su creación hasta el presente siglo XXI
(2024-07-30)
The National Anthem, as one of the national symbols, is a substantial part of the identity of Peruvians and as part of their context and imaginary. Throughout its years of circulation, it has undergone a series of structural changes that have led the hymn to take the form with which it is currently known. A series of musical and literary vicissitudes, two contests and a restoration. Despite this, the protagonists José Bernardo Alcedo, composer of the music, and José de la Torre Ugarte, writer of the lyrics, have always been recognized as such thanks to the support of decrees and laws whose purpose is to protect and regulate the use of the hymn. During the quarantine and the celebration of the Bicentennial of the Independence of Peru, initiatives related to the anthem arose, drawing attention to its importance as well as the participation of citizens in the construction of its symbols. In this way, through his work, the historical, biographical and political documents we will analyze the conception of the Anthem, the succession of events that impacted the changes in form and denomination, the participating agents, a temporary account of the legal events, and finally a reflection from the bicentennial of its creation.
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Science Is Epistemology, and Economics Is Too
(2023-01-01)
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Manhaj Kritik Matan Hadis Mulla ‘Ali al-Qari
(2023-06-30)
Hadis sebagai sumber rujukan utama yang kedua selepas al-Quran.Ilmu Hadis telah berkembang dari suatu zaman ke zaman yang lain.Tokoh-tokoh hadis telah mengkaji serta menilai status hadis-hadis berdasarkan beberapa kaedah tertentu dari sudut sanad dan matan bagi memelihara kesuciannya sebagai sumber rujukan utama umat Islam.Sehubungan dengan itu, Mulla Ali al-Qari merupakan salah seorang tokoh hadis yang terbilang pada zamannya.Beliau mempunyai pendekatan yang tersendiri mengkritik dan menilai matan hadis.Justeru, artikel ini mengkaji manhaj kritik matan hadis Mulla Ali al-Qari yang tidak dikhususkan oleh beliau sendiri berdasarkan karya beliau yang berjudul al-Asrar al-Marfu'ah.Di samping itu, biografi ringkas Mulla Ali al-Qari turut dinyatakan.Metodologi kajian ialah analisis kandungan bagi menyelidik ketokohan beliau terhadap penilaian sesuatu hadis berdasarkan matan.Hasil kajian ini mendapati percanggahan sesuatu kandungan hadis dengan nas al-Quran dan riwayat al-Sunnah yang lebih sahih menjadi kriteria penting di sisi manhaj kritik matan hadis Mulla Ali al-Qari.Selain itu, kejelikan sesuatu lafaz dan makna kandungan hadis juga turut menjadi asas terpenting kritikan beliau.Kajian ini membawa implikasi positif dalam mendepani penyebaran hadis tanpa semakan statusnya pada masa kini dan akan datang terutamanya dalam konteks aplikasi memelihara kesucian hadis Nabi SAW.Matlamat daripada kajian ini dapat memudahkan dan membimbing umat Islam terutamanya para sarjana yang lain mengenalpasti hadis

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