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    Water Insecurity Is Associated With Gender-Based Violence: A Mixed-Methods Study in Indonesia
    (Elsevier BV, 2023-12-17)
    Gender Based Violence (GBV) is a global pandemic and water insecurity is increasing in intensity and extent. This study explores the association between these two global health threats. Cross-sectional, quantitative data were collected via surveys (n = 365 adult women) to measure household water insecurity (HWI) and women's experiences of GBV in the last year. Qualitative data were collected from semi-structured interviews (n = 24 men and women), two focus group discussions (n = 25 men and women) and a multi-stakeholder meeting (n = 35 men and women) to explore experiences, attitudes and risk factors associated with HWI and GBV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women in water insecure households were more than twice as likely to report experiencing GBV in the last year (OR = 2.2, CI: 1.0-4.9, p = 0.051). Examining household water insecurity scores as a continuous variable revealed an increased odds of reporting GBV with each increase in the HWISE score (OR = 1.1, CI: 1.0; 1.1, p < 0.001). Qualitative data indicates that the intersection between HWI, a patriarchal social organization and a caste system produced water-related conflicts between intimate partners, between daughters-in-law and their in-laws, and between masters and enslaved women. These results are presented using an integrated theoretical framework - a Feminist Political Ecology of Health (FPEH) - to illustrate the many ways women encounter and experience multi-dimensional forms of violence across scales in connection to water insecurity. The combination of robust qualitative and quantitative data presented in this study suggests that HWI may be causally related to GBV in this context.
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    Disciplinary and Methodological Pluralism in Loneliness Studies
    (Springer Nature, 2025-01-01)
    Scientists may benefit from implementing interdisciplinary and multi-method approaches when studying loneliness. Loneliness is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by biological, psychological, social, cultural, and political factors. In addition, it also reflects and impacts personal and local experiences as well as broader social forces, thus being both universal and contextual at the same time. For these reasons, no single disciplinary lens or methodological approach can capture its full scope. It is important to recognize and appreciate that different academic fields and a very wide range of methodological strategies are involved in the study of loneliness, each with its own range of vantage points and advantages. Mapping out such disciplinary and methodological heterogeneity in this chapter supports a case for epistemic pluralism when studying loneliness, in terms of its multilevel and multidomain aspects, complex intersectionality, dual cognitive and embodied dimensions, and its temporal, nonstatic nature. Ultimately, the study of loneliness is an ideal case for advancing and benefiting from a reflexive and pluralist research approach.
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