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Item type:Publication, Socially responsible behaviors in extreme contexts: comparing cases of economic sanctions, COVID-19 pandemic, and internal war(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021-01-01)Socially responsible behaviors (SRBs) in the workplace and in life more generally can positively contribute to the well-being of society and the environment at large. SRBs can benefit many people, especially in extreme contexts. In this article, we report on an investigation of the relationship between employees’ proactive personality and their engagement in two types of SRBs: societal behaviors and sustainability-oriented behaviors. Furthermore, we test the moderation effect of perceived danger (contextual factor) on these relationships. To assess the hypotheses, three studies were conducted in different countries: (1) Iran, which is under intense economic sanctions; (2) Peru, which has dealt with severe restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) Afghanistan, which is involved in a long-standing internal war. We tested the direct relationship between proactive personality and SRBs by using survey-based data from 292 employees in Iran and 306 employees in Peru. The moderation effect of perceived danger (contextual factor) is assessed using data from 172 employees in Afghanistan. Accordingly, we found a consistent pattern of relationships between employees’ proactive personalities and their involvement in both societal behaviors and sustainability-oriented behaviors in Iran and Peru. Interstingly, the results from Afghanistan revealed that employees with a proactive personality engaged more in societal behaviors under threatening and stressful situations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The mental health of healthcare staff working during the COVID-19 crisis: their working hours as a boundary condition(Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2021-01-01)Healthcare staff operate at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19 and hence face enormous physical and mental pressures. We aim to investigate healthcare staff’s mental health issues and the associated predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this paper aims to identify some unique predictors of healthcare staff’s mental health issues in Iran, the second country after China to experience a major COVID-19 crisis. Methods: An online survey of 280 healthcare staff in all 31 provinces of Iran assessed staff’s mental distress (K6), depression, and anxiety (PHQ-4) during April 5–20, 2020 during the COVID-19 crisis. Results: Nearly a third of healthcare staff surpassed the cutoff for distress, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Females or more educated healthcare staff were more likely to experience distress. Those who were unsure whether they had COVID-19 were more likely to experience distress and depression symptoms. The number of COVID-19 cases among a healthcare worker’s colleagues or friends positively predicted the worker’s anxiety symptoms. Amongst healthcare staff, doctors were less likely than radiology technologists to experience distress and anxiety symptoms. Technicians and obstetrics staff experienced fewer anxiety symptoms. The age and the weekly working days of healthcare staff interacted such that age is asignificant predictor of mental health issues among younger but not older healthcare staff. Conclusion: The identification of the predictors of mental health issues can guide healthcare organizations to screen healthcare workers who are more likely to be mentally vulnerable in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.