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Cybersociety and university sustainability: The challenge of holistic restructuring in universities in Chile, Spain, and Peru
(MDPI, 2020-07-02)
The global challenge of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals present a framework of opportunities, in which universities must respond to the demands of a sustainable social organisation by addressing the issues of quality education, the participation and inclusion of different sectors, and the need to promote university social responsibility. In response to this situation, we examine three experiences that highlight the reorganisation demanded at each of the three organisational levels: (1) Macro: the need for cooperation between different universities in Chile’s “macrocampus”; (2) Meso: the organisation and running of faculties in light of the challenges to renew curriculums with the experience implemented by the Social Sciences Faculty of Pablo de Olavide University in Spain; and, (3) Micro: the integration of students and commitment to the needs of the social surroundings, with the E-QUIPU experience implemented at Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP) in Peru. The report we present is based on a case study, and the findings and conclusions lead us to propose a new holistic-organisational paradigm to facilitate the sustainability of universities. The results of the restructuring allowed us to conduct a meta-evaluation of the sustainability of organisations within a problematic situation (COVID-19), which tested the results of the restructuring objective of Cybersociety.
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Stemming the gender gap in STEM entrepreneurship – insights into women’s entrepreneurship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics
(Springer, 2020-03-01)
Abstract Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are notably important for innovation and technological development, which in turn are seen as drivers of social and economic growth. Hence, researchers and policy-makers have paid substantial attention to analyzing and promoting high-growth ventures in STEM fields. However, STEM fields are highly gender-skewed, regardless of whether the population considered is students, faculty members, graduates, top managers, or entrepreneurs. This is noticeable in the small number of women entrepreneurs with STEM backgrounds. This underrepresentation of women in innovation-driven business startups highlights existing gender biases and systemic disadvantages in social structures, making visible the double masculinity that exists at the intersection of STEM and entrepreneurship. This article addresses this issue by combining insights from research about women’s entrepreneurship and research about the gender aspects of STEM fields. We emphasize institutional, organizational, and individual factors influencing women’s entrepreneurship in STEM fields, laying the foundation for the articles included in this special issue. Finally, we discuss the way forward for research on the gender aspects of STEM entrepreneurship to help us create the knowledge needed to close this gender gap.
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Business innovation and critical success factors in the era of digital transformation and turbulent times
(Cognitione Foundation for the Dissemination of Knowledge and Science, 2021-01-01)
Explore what entrepreneurship and success factors can help drive business to resilience and stability and achieve competitive advantage through innovation in different countries and business realities in the era of digital transformation and turbulent times. METHODOLOGY: Based on the narrative literature review, we present research findings concerning new strategies and outlooks for business innovation in times of many unknowns. Each organization wants to find its way to gain success and create its unique business model, which can capture value creation and innovativeness and be more adaptive, resilient, and stable in critical moments and sustainable over time. FINDINGS: The articles presented in this issue explore the essential factors of business innovation and success in different organizations and the environments in which these businesses function. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: This article synthesizes the presented research field’s importance and relevance, connecting its theoretical background with practical research. Recommendations and implications for future trends of this research stream might also be helpful for professionals and academicians. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The novel studies presented in this issue were done in five different (developing and developed) countries and business sectors that present human-based and non-human-based factors as crucial factors needed to empower business transformation in a complex world. Each group of elements is essential in business success, and their components are interdependent. We need to look at the interactions and interdependencies of their components in a dynamic and network form and cannot simplify the reality, focusing only on one group of business components and ignoring the other. These unique studies provide a valuable outlook to establish dynamic, adaptive business pathways towards a sustainable and resilient organizational future and propose future research paths needed to execute structural changes in businesses.
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State and dynamics of the innovative performance of medium and large firms in the manufacturing sector in emerging economies: The cases of Peru and Ecuador
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022-12-30)
The purpose of this study was to analyze the current state and dynamics of the innovative behavior of medium and large manufacturing firms in Peru and Ecuador. It has been shown that the factors that enhance or enable the possibilities of innovation in organizations can be internal or external. This study took a quantitative approach, and regression models were applied to samples composed of firms. The relationships between external factors and business resources following the implementation of innovation were analyzed, as was the impact that these factors had on sales performance, considering the effect of the size and age of the firms. The innovations most implemented in firms in Ecuador were processes, and in Peru, organizational innovations were predominant. There were no external factors or business resources statistically related to these types of innovation for each country. For Peruvian firms, the age of the firm presented an inverse relationship to its performance. The study confirms the results of other studies conducted in Peru, and for Ecuador, these findings represent one of the first contributions on this topic. This study contributes to the discussion of the effects, in emerging Latin American countries, of a firm’s age on its ability to innovate.
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Growth, innovation, and policy for chicken in Latin America 1961–2019
(Wiley, 2022-03-24)
Summary Motivation Latin America has witnessed massive increases in production and consumption of chicken meat over the last 60 years and well beyond its share of the developing world's population. Chicken is now a major source of livestock protein in regional diets; leads livestock production in 25 out of the region's 33 countries; production, slaughtering, and sales provide millions of jobs. Purpose To analyse growth rates for chicken meat in Latin America, why they have differed, how the role of innovation and development policies contributed to bringing about this growth, in turn leading to the patterns of governance of these activities today. Methods and approach This study used a modified value chain framework along with FAO statistics, national data, published and unpublished studies to analyse macro‐level developments and their linkages to shifts in the organization of activities in the value chain for chicken from pre‐production through to consumption and trade from past to present. Findings Different natural resource endowments, demographics, and dietary preferences combined with frequent innovations and an array of policy measures led to a spectacular surge in output and productivity, lower costs, and facilitated a steady rise in consumption. As part of that growth, these activities became increasingly concentrated in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru and within those countries in a few very large firms. Their operations expanded in the value chain beyond the farm gate, across the region, and in some cases around the world. Policy implications This paper has implications for greater transparency in grower contracts, better working conditions for slaughterhouse workers and bird catchers, more environmentally and bird‐friendly chicken production, accelerated adoption of practices as per Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems in the value chain for broilers in Latin America and the Caribbean, and improved enforcement of laws and regulations governing the technical and financial operations of value chains for chicken, along with renewed collaboration among government authorities to that effect.
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Innovation Climate Scale: Psychometric analysis in Peruvian workers
(Universidad Politecnica Salesiana, 2024-10-01)
the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic pushed organizations to attempt to remain current and competitive. Thus, the ability to respond to new demands and adapt to shifting conditions was an unavoidable requirement, which implies innovating in the development of their processes. In that sense, the growing importance of innovative work behaviors in the development of organizations has driven researchers to investigate mechanisms that foster such behaviors in workers. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Innovation Climate Scale (ICS). The instrumental study involved 273 Peruvian workers (50.916 % male) ranging in age between 22 and 76 years old (Mean = 45.224), employed for the most part in the private sector (75.092 %). The psychometric analysis explored item clarity and relevance by means of assessment by expert judges (content validity). Internal structure was assessed via confirmatory factorial analyses, both of oblique models and bi-factor. Finally, scoring reliability (alpha coefficient) and construct reliability (omega coefficient) were estimated. This study finds the ICS items to be clear and relevant, a greater empirical support for the unidimensional model as its internal structure, and an adequate reliability. In conclusion there is favorable evidence of validity and reliability for the application of the ICS in Peruvian companies as a useful tool to measure the innovative climate perceived by its workers, providing information for decision making and planning of innovation strategies and organizational creativity.
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Perceptions and contradictions: A study of market orientation and innovation among Cuban entrepreneurs
(Emerald Publishing, 2024-11-13)
This study aims to examine whether market orientation or innovation is a more significant mediator between an entrepreneur’s culture and perceived success in Cuba, where innovation is highly regarded because of economic challenges and US embargoes, but doubts persist about market orientation because of its socialist economy. Design/methodology/approach: Havana entrepreneurs were surveyed on culture, market orientation and innovation. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach in SmartPLS 4. Findings: The results showed partial mediation for both market orientation and innovation. Culture significantly affects performance directly. Surprisingly, a less market-oriented culture enhances performance, with innovation acting as the stronger mediator, despite the inverse relationship between market orientation and innovation. Research limitations/implications: The limitations include reliance on self-reported measures, lack of objective performance verification and a narrow focus on entrepreneurs rather than clients. Despite these constraints, the study provides valuable exploratory insights into Cuba’s closed economy, following the principle of being “approximately right than exactly wrong.” Practical implications: The findings confirm the positive impact of Cubans’ innovative spirit on performance but reveal a contradiction: less market-oriented cultures perceive themselves as market-oriented and perform better. This misperception suggests the need for further investigation and training to promote market-oriented business culture. Collaboration with international business schools may be necessary, as this distortion could harm customer satisfaction. Originality/value: The originality of the research lies in that, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on Cuban entrepreneurs’ market orientation. It has the value to illustrate how socialists’ ideology can contradict assumed theoretical established approaches about market functioning.
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Explorers, audacious, hesitant, and hermetics: N-helix dynamics and collaboration behavior in Latin America family firms
(Universitat de Barcelona, Facultad de Economia y Empresa, 2024-01-02)
This research aims to explore the collaborative behavior of family firms based on their partners, the objective of cooperation, their market position, and the intensity of competition. This research used a N-Helix approach and implemented a multiple correspondence analysis in a sample of 127 Chilean family businesses of different ages, sizes, and industries. According to their collaboration behaviors, the data analysis proposes that family firms may be grouped into four clusters: Explorers, audacious, hesitant, and hermetics. These clusters are defined principally by the number of collaborators and the goals of the collaboration. Additionally, Triple Helix and dyadic collaborative partnerships have been identified when exploring the cooperative behavior of family firms. These research findings have implications for understanding the dynamics of family firms' collaboration and analyzing the critical strategical issues found in family firms' collaborative behavior.
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Unsolicited versus solicited public partnership proposals: Is there a trade-off between innovation and competition?
(Institute of Public Finance, 2024-01-01)
Unsolicited proposals (UPs) are a modality of public private partnership (PPP) that is increasingly being used to attract private investors and operators to provide innovative solutions to public projects, notably in infrastructure. In most countries that expressly regulate UPs, the PPP tenders establish asymmetric conditions that favour UP proponents over other potential participants, with the aim of incentivising the presentation of innovative project solutions. The present study formally evaluates the conditions under which a competition/innovation trade-off may arise. We find that UPs can offer welfare-improving solutions compared with solicited proposals (SPs) only in exceptional circumstances. In addition, we find no robust evidence to either confirm the trade-off between innovation and competition in PPP tenders, or to indicate that UPs lead to welfare-enhancing solutions that could not be achieved under conventional SPs.
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Influence of reputation, innovation, and knowledge on the performance of MSMEs in the orange economy sector
(Cogent OA, 2024-01-01)
Studies on entrepreneurship and its impact on economic, political, and social development have increased considerably over the last decade. One of the challenges faced by various countries is the development of companies within the orange economy, which refers to creative and cultural industries with significant potential to generate employment and wealth. Despite this potential, there is a notable lack of empirical research on the factors affecting the management and performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) within this sector. This study addresses this research gap by examining the influence of reputation, innovation, and knowledge on the performance of MSMEs in the orange economy sector in Colombia. Utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze survey data from entrepreneurs, the results reveal that reputation moderates the relationship between innovation and performance, as well as the relationship between knowledge and organizational performance. This study contributes to the literature by providing new insights into the dynamics of creative industries in developing countries and highlighting the essential roles of reputation, innovation, and knowledge in enhancing the performance of MSMEs in the orange economy.

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