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The Spirits of Extractivism: Non-Human Meddling, Shamanic Diplomacy, and Cosmo-Political Strategy Among the Urarina (Peruvian Amazon)
(Springer Nature, 2020-11-09)
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Reviewing Amazonian Countries Policies for the Protection of Indigenous Peoples in Voluntary Isolation and Initial Contact (IPVIIC) and Its Implications for Territorial Dynamics and Indigenous Peoples’ Development in Amazonia
(Springer, 2020-01-01)
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The rights of indigenous peoples and local communities that conflict with mitigation initiatives such as reforestation/afforestation, and other aspects that are linked to climate change
(Coventry University, 2020-01-01)
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Wetland spirits and indigenous knowledge: implications for the conservation of wetlands in the Peruvian Amazon
(Elsevier, 2021-01-01)
Globally, the importance of indigenous and local knowledge systems for science, policy, environmental conservation and the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples is increasingly being recognised. The Amazon region in particular is home to many indigenous peoples who have conserved their cultural traditions and knowledge, despite growing threats to the environment and traditional lifestyles and cultures. Based on insights from ethnographic research in three indigenous communities, here we present a case study on the indigenous knowledge of the Urarina people of the Chambira Basin in the Peruvian Amazon and its implications for conservation. We describe, for the first time, a series of anthropomorphic and territorial “wetland spirits”, who are associated with particular wetland ecosystems and range in character from the benign to outright aggressive. Their presence may indirectly benefit conservation of wetlands, as humans fear or respect these wetland spirits and adapt their behaviour accordingly. While benign spirits may be seen as positive models to follow, aggressive spirits may deter unsustainable harvesting of resources through fear of disease or death. However, their cultural status is not adequately captured by such rational-scientific explanations. Wetland spirits are important characters within the indigenous cosmos of humans and non-humans, which is built on a relational, rather than extractive model of connecting humans and nature. We discuss our findings in the context of wider conceptual debates on recognising relational ontologies in environmental policy and conservation, the paradigm of biocultural conservation, as well as their implications for land titling, and incorporating indigenous perspectives in local education.
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Home birth preference, childbirth, and newborn care practices in rural Peruvian Amazon
(Public Library of Science, 2021-05-01)
Home birth is very common in the Peruvian Amazon. In rural areas of the Loreto region, home to indigenous populations such as the Kukama-Kukamiria, birth takes place at home constantly. This study aims to understand the preference for home births as well as childbirth and newborn care practices among Kukama-Kukamiria women in rural Loreto. Following a case study approach, sixty semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with recent mothers who experienced childbirth within one year prior to the interview, female relatives of recent mothers who had a role in childbirth, male relatives of recent mothers, community health workers, and traditional healers. We found that for women from these communities, home birth is a courageous act and an intimate (i.e. members of the community and relatives participate in it) and inexpensive practice in comparison with institutional birth. These preferences are also linked to experiences of mistreatment at health facilities, lack of cultural adaptation of birthing services, and access barriers to them. Preparations for home births included handwashing and cleaning delivery surfaces. After birth, waiting for the godparent to arrive to cut the cord can delay drying of the newborn. Discarding of colostrum, lack of skin-to-skin contact as well as a range of responses regarding immediate breastfeeding and immediate drying of the baby were also found. These findings were used to tailor the educational content of the Mamas del Rio program, where community health workers are trained to identify pregnancy early, perform home visits to pregnant women and newborns, and promote essential newborn care practices in case institutional birth is not desired or feasible. We make recommendations to improve Peru's cultural adaptation of birthing services.
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Rights to water and water's rights: Plural water governances in mining contexts of Colombia and Peru
(Elsevier B.V., 2022-01-01)
In large-scale mining contexts and the consequent generation of socio-environmental inequalities related to access to water, indigenous peoples and peasant communities demand the recognition of other ways of understanding water. In these contexts of dispute, emerge what we call plural water governances , which position diverse relationships and infrastructures of control of water in mining contexts. Likewise, they demand the recognition of other notions of water and water's rights that transcend normative problems and extend to nature-society relations and include non-humans. We present a comparative analysis between large-scale mining areas in Colombia (La Guajira-Cerrejón) and Peru (Apurímac-Las Bambas) and the effects of the infrastructure that are implemented under a notion of water as a public resource. Processes that generate social inequalities, eliminate, or ignore ethnic and local rights, increase the capture of water in some sectors and generate scarcity that affects access, use, and decision-making in relation to water. This chapter is the result of the research carried out in the two areas in Colombia and Peru during 2018 and 2019, based on an ethnographic and collaborative work.
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Policy Brief: The role of Amazonian Indigenous Peoples in fighting the climate crisis
(2022-11-01)
Indigenous territories (ITs) in the Amazon protect approximately 24.5 GtC aboveground, act as significant barriers to deforestation and forest degradation, and serve as an important buffer against climate change. Demarcated ITs have significantly less deforestation than unrecognized lands, demonstrating the importance of demarcating ITs to both protect the livelihoods and cultures of the Amazon’s native peoples and to conserve its forests and rivers.
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La pedagogía de la Madre Tierra: una propuesta reflexiva a partir de las prácticas y testimonios del sabio indígena Abadio Green Stocel
(National Autonomous University of Mexico, 2022-09-14)
This article attempts a philosophical and pedagogical reflection based on an interview that the doctor in education Abadio Green Stocel, of the indigenous Gunadule people and of Panamanian-Colombian nationality, gave to the magazine Luciérnaga-Comunicación, of the Faculty of Audiovisual Communication of the Colombian Polytechnic Jaime Isaza Cadavid and the Faculty of Communication Sciences of the Autonomous University of San Luis de Potosí. The interview was published on the magazine’s YouTube page in 2015. To make a hermeneutic commentary on Dr. Green’s thought, I will begin by contextualizing this pedagogical proposal within the context of what the emergence of indigenous artists, writers, academics, and thinkers who think about modernity from ancestral knowledge means for the academic field. Then, I will quote from the mentioned interview to relate his thinking to other pedagogical conceptions of Dr. Green and to reflections by other authors that allow us to outline what we could call an “indigenous research paradigm” and a “Pedagogy of Mother Earth”. These proposals, far from being limited to the ethnic boundaries of indigenous peoples, contain an alternative message to the hegemonic one, that needs to be heard by the whole humanity.
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Amazonian Indigenous participation in electoral processes in Peru: The case of the 2011, 2016 and 2021 presidential elections
(Wydawnictwo UMCS, 2022-07-27)
Through the analysis of the participation of the Amazonian indigenous peoples in the presidential elections of 2011, 2016, and 2021, this article illustrates how, two hundred years after Peru´s political independence, they are still excluded from full-fledged citizenship. In the first part, it addresses the main obstacles to defining and measuring the indigenous vote, as well as the reasons that hinder adequate indigenous electoral participation. It then discusses the relationship between the Amazonian peoples and the national political parties, the experience of MIAP, and the formal restrains for the creation of an indigenous party. Finally, it analyzes the participation and electoral results in 22 districts located in the Peruvian Amazon region with a majority of the indigenous population. The data used comes from the Peruvian electoral institutions: the National Elections Jury (JNE), the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE), the official web portal Infogob of the JNE, and the National Censuses of 2007 and 2017. As part of an ongoing long-term research project, it includes data related to previous presidential elections as well as data from local and regional electoral processes. Moreover, it includes data from interviews with indigenous leaders and ethnographic observations.
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Community-based justice or indigenous justice in international law: Analysis of Article 9 of ILO Convention 169
(Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law, 2022-12-23)
This paper deals with communal justice or indigenous justice governed by Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization (ILO). Article 9 of the indicated Convention is analysed describing and commenting on the different aspects or assumptions it contains about communal or indigenous justice. Likewise, this content is analysed in the doctrine and in the author’s field experience. The central question that guides the work is: How does the International Convention No. 169 of the International Labour Organization regulate communal or Indigenous justice? The answer is made through the verification of a hypothesis that raises the limits of the Article 9 of Convention 169 to understand and regulate communal or indigenous justice that is practiced in indigenous communities or peoples.

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