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Item type:Publication, Where is the highest rate of children with anemia in Peru? An answer using grey systems(Science and Information Organization, 2020-01-01)Anemia, or chronic malnutrition, in children under 5 is a social problem that affects the infant crucially in his or her growth and cognitive development. However, this problem presents itself in different ways in each department of Peru. Thus, in this work, the methodology of grey clustering, which is based on grey systems theory, was applied. The case study was conducted in the 25 departments of Peru, to analyze the departments most affected by chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years of age. The results of the study were that the departments of Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Loreto and Pasco have the highest rate of children with anemia; this may be due to the fact that these departments have greater poverty or negligence with respect to proper food handling. The results of this study could help local authorities such as the Ministry of Health to combat malnutrition, and also serve as a basis for future studies to evaluate the social impact of other conditions on health from a mathematical perspective. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Artificial intelligence model based on Grey clustering for integral analysis of industrial hygiene risk(Science and Information Organization, 2021-01-01)The article proposes a model with an artificial intelligence approach that integrates risks through the Grey Clustering method applying the "Triangulation of center-point based on Whitening functions -CTWF", for this, the data established is standard data (minimum standards that the four workshops of a company in the industrial sector must meet) and sampled data (real data obtained in the field) to test the grey classes. In this study, the different types of risks (lighting, noise and hand-arm vibration) were globally evaluated and analyzed in the four workshops of a heavy machinery maintenance services company in the industrial sector (welding shop, hydraulic shop, machine shop 1 and machine shop 2), located in Lima, Peru. According to the results obtained from the level of hygienic quality in each workshop, the welding workshop is at a very poor-quality level, while the others are at a good and very good level; regarding the four workshops, it was determined that the noise level is not recommended as they do not meet the minimum required standards. Therefore, control measures were proposed in the four workshops where the level of irrigation is bad and very bad. This study will benefit companies in the industrial sector that need to analyze the level of hygienic quality in their work areas with a global approach in order to apply control measures with prevention, protection of health and physical integrity of workers. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Grey clustering approach to assess sediment quality in a watershed in Peru(Science and Information Organization, 2021-01-01)The evaluation of sediment quality is a relevant topic that involves the analysis of various parameters that are altered by natural or anthropogenic causes. Therefore, the Grey Clustering method provides an alternative to evaluate sediment quality. In the present study, the sediment quality of the Chontayacu river watershed was evaluated considering the results of the monitoring of twenty-three points carried out in the early evaluations by the Environmental Impact Evaluation Agency (OEFA by its Spanish acronym). These twenty-three points were separated into three blocks considering the monitoring points upstream of the Uchiza town center and the Chontayacu Alto and Chontayacu Bajo hydroelectric plants. Seven parameters were analyzed: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn, which were compared with Canadian sediment quality standards for the protection of aquatic life. The results of the assessment showed that all points in the Chontayacu River were classified as having unlikely adverse biological effects from heavy metals. However, a quality ranking was established between the points of each block where it was found that points P3, P4 and P17 correspond to the lowest values for the high CH, low CH and CP Uchiza blocks respectively. Finally, the results obtained will provide integrated information for decision making by the competent authorities in Peru, as well as indicate the level of sediment contamination that should be taken into account for the proposal of hydroelectric projects that influence sediment transport and entrainment. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Applying Grey clustering and Shannon's entropy to assess sediment quality from a watershed(Science and Information Organization, 2021-01-01)The evaluation of the quality of sediments is a complex issue in the Peruvian reality, mainly because there is no sampling protocol or norm for comparison, which leads to the assessment of sediments without a comprehensive analysis of their quality. In the present study, the quality of the sediments in the upper basin of the Huarmey river was evaluated in 30 monitoring points and 7 parameters, which are: arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, lead and zinc, which were compared according to the standards recommended by the Environmental Quality Guidelines for Sediments in freshwater bodies of Canada (Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines - CEQG, 2002. Sediment Quality Guidelines for Protection of Aquatic Life - Fresh water according to Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)). The results of the evaluation, by grey clustering method and Shannon entropy, showed that 13 monitoring points resulted in good sediment quality, 1 monitoring point had moderate quality and 16 monitoring points presented poor quality; therefore, it can be concluded that the effluents and discharges of the mining activities that take place in the aforementioned location have a negative impact on environmental quality. Finally, the results obtained can be of great help for OEFA, the regional government, the municipalities and any other body that has oversight functions, since they will allow them to be more objective and precise decisions. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Impact of the mining activity on the water quality in Peru applying the fuzzy logic with the Grey clustering method(Science and Information Organization, 2021-01-01)Mining activity in the department of Junín, Peru, is intense, due to the great existing mining-metallic potential that exists in the place, the Yauli and Andaychagua rivers, located in the Yauli Province, belonging to Junín, receive a large volume of discharges causing deterioration in the quality of the water of these rivers. To evaluate this quality in an integral way, fuzzy logic will be applied with the Grey Clustering methodology, defining the central point triangular whitening weight functions (CTWF), having as grey classes the Environmental Quality Standards for water (ECA-Water), Category 3, which were modified for research purposes. Four monitoring points were evaluated, both upstream (point PY-01) and downstream (PY-02) of the Yauli River; as upstream (PA-01) and downstream (PA-02) of the Andaychagua river. From the analysis it was determined that the water quality in PY-01 is 0.7302, 0.8795 in the dry season and 0.5980 in the wet season; in PY-02, 0.5448, 0.6448 in dry season and 0.5628 in wet season were obtained. At point PA-01 it is 0.8213, 0.8691 in dry season and 0.7902 in wet season; In PA-02, 0.8385, 0.8827 in the dry season and 0.8118 in the wet season were obtained, concluding that there is good water quality, decreasing in wet seasons, this due to the influence of the rains in the contact waters. The research provides an integration of the parameters that are considered in the ECA-Water with other international standards allowing to determine a more precise evaluation of the quality status of the Yauli and Andaychagua rivers after receiving the effluents generated by the mining activity, benefiting the relevant authorities for decision making and providing a methodology that improves the analysis of the results obtained by the specific parameters that are evaluated in the environmental monitoring. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, How to determinate water quality using an artificial intelligent model based on grey clustering?(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2022-10-01)Water quality is an important topic for countries like Peru, where the mining sector is one of the main economic activities, so the study of its impact on water quality is also necessary to have a regular control of benefits and dangers. In this way, to achieve this objective, the chosen methodology was grey clustering, which is based on artificial intelligent theory. Specifically, the central point triangular whitening weight function better known as CTWF, which is an approach from grey clustering, was used. The case study was focused on the Mashcon and Chonta rivers, located in the province of Cajamarca, Peru, these rivers are directly affected by an open pit mine. The study was carried out taking into account thirteen monitoring points taken by National Water Authority (ANA). The results showed that all the points considered were classified as not contaminated, A1 category, this using the parameters of the Peruvian government. With these results, the mining company was able to demonstrate that they are taking the water quality into account and that they are making an effort to keep these rivers as healthy as possible. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Applying grey clustering method and Pearson correlation to assess water quality(IJETAE Publication House, 2022-08-01)The Mantaro River travels through Junín, Ayacucho, and Huancavelica departments,in Peru, and receives not only domestic discharges from the population but also tailings fields and dumps containing lead, silver, copper, and zinc from mining companies. To be able to assess the water quality, the grey clustering method was applied, using Center-point Triangular Whitenization Weight Functions (CTWF) for this purpose. As well, Pearson correlation between parameters was used to understand the dynamics of pollution. In the watershed of the Mantaro river the results of the Monitoring of the Surface Water published in 2018 by the Mantaro Water Administrative Authority were compared to the Peruvian Environmental Quality Standards (ECA) Category 1, subcategory A parameters. The results obtained suggest that the main driver of pollution in the Mantaro river is not mining, but domestic waste in landfills and probably agriculture. Finally, this study shows responsible environmental management by mining companies, besides, could be helpful for regional and local authorities of Peru in making decisions to improve the management of the Mantaro river watershed and make the population aware of the sustainable use of water. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Algorithm based on grey clustering and Shannon entropy to assess landscape visual quality(IJETAE Publication House, 2022-01-01)Landscape assessment has been limited to methodologies with subjective and qualitative approaches, due to prevailing the concept of landscape as the perception of territory. In this work, the intrinsic visual quality of the landscape was evaluated using an algorithm based on grey clustering and Shannon entropy. The grey clustering method was used to determine the landscape visual quality, and Shannon entropy was applied to calculate wights of criteria used for evaluation. The case study was performed on mining project located in Cajamarca, Peru, where three landscape units were identified and four evaluation criteria were established, before and after the implementation of project. The results revealed that there is a notable effect of the change in landscape visual quality in three evaluated landscapes units. The criteria in order of evaluation were the intrinsic visual quality of the water, relief, vegetation cover, and artificial elements. Consequently, the method showed quantitative and qualitative results that could help the landscape assessment process to make better decisions regarding mining projects. Keywords—Grey clustering, Landscape visual quality, Mining project, Shannon entropy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Assessment and analysis of soil quality in an industrial zone from Lima, Peru using the grey clustering method(IJETAE Publication House, 2022-09-01)Within the district of Ventanilla there are many lead smelting companies, which emit gases containing heavy metals that, when transported to human settlements, could be causing damage to the health of the population, mostly harming young children. At present, the evaluation of soil quality involves the monitoring of various indicators that are analysed independently, leaving aside the systemic approach in which the elements interact and often restrict each other, making the analysis very complex. In this sense, a superior analysis system is proposed based on the Grey Clustering method, which is based on the theory of grey systems, an artificial intelligence approach that allows for an integral evaluation and takes into account the high degree of uncertainty present in the environment. The proposed methodology was used for the study of soil quality in the industrial park of the district of Ventanilla - Mi Perú, specifically in 3 Areas of Potential Interest (API): "Mercado Virgen de Guadalupe", "Patio de La I.E.P. Arturo Padilla Espinoza" and "AA.HH. Las Casuarinas". The results of the evaluation of soil quality using the Grey Clustering method showed that 40% of the total number of monitoring points have very poor soil quality, with the Virgen de Guadalupe Market area having 75% of the monitoring points with very poor soil quality. Finally, the present study can be of great use to the competent authorities related to the surveillance and monitoring of soil quality, as well as the health of the nearby population in order to make decisions on the control of nearby industrial activities. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Model based on grey systems to assess water quality from mines in operation and environmental liabilities(Seventh Sense Research Group, 2022-09-01)Currently, water is essential for human activities, as it is an indispensable source for life and human development. However, one of the main problems that today's society presents is the contamination of water bodies, which reduces water quality. In addition, it generates social conflicts because a body of water contaminated with heavy metals or other wastes can cause critical illnesses. The case study focuses on La Libertad, Peru. There are two open pit mines and several mining environmental liabilities; close to these mines is the Moche River. The methodology used in this paper was the grey clustering method that uses the center-point triangular whitenization weight functions, also known as CTWF, which is based on grey systems. The results showed that there is contamination around the monitoring points around the mining companies and environmental liabilities since these monitoring points present subcategory A3, which is, according to Peruvian legislation, a type of water that needs to be purified with advanced treatment. These results could help to inform the state about the risks presented in the water body so that the governmental entity can proceed to carry out actions to monitor and control effluents from mining environmental liabilities present in the area and mining units.