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Item type:Publication, Off-chain real estate underlying a trust as a collateral for an on-board asset backed loan for investment(European Organization for Nuclear Research, 2021-10-01)By 2021 a structural disconnect existed between two large pools of capital: real estate owners holding significant value in physical property but constrained by the high cost of capital and the bureaucratic and legal burdens of accessing bank credit lines, and crypto investors holding liquid capital but lacking real-world collateral against which to deploy it productively within the emerging decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem. This whitepaper describes the Bitestate architecture, designed to bridge that gap. Real estate is transferred to a local trust managed by a registered trustee bank that secures legal enforceability and ensures KYC and AML compliance; the underlying "Rights of Disposal" are then tokenized as non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and used as collateral against revolving asset-backed credit lines provided by crypto lender pools; in the event of default, smart contracts trigger a notification flow that instructs the trustee bank to liquidate the compromised asset and repay the lender. The architecture targets real estate portfolios across Latin America — Peru, Mexico, Colombia, Brazil and Chile — with the investment vehicle anchored in a European regulatory regime contemplating the Tokens and Trustworthy Service Providers Act (TVTG) and its Ordinance (TVTV), commonly referred to as a "Blockchain Act" (the specific jurisdiction was left as an open placeholder in the 2021 draft). The contribution of the document is a concrete, legally structured architecture for integrating real-world real estate as collateral in the DeFi ecosystem. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Analytic Network Process in Economics, Finance and Management: Contingency Factors, Current Trends and Further Research(Elsevier BV, 2023-09-04)This study explores the recent use of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) in the decision process in the areas of economics, finance and management to identify common contingency factors, current trends, representative studies and directions for further research applications in the target areas. A systematic literature review of 434 ANP studies for a 10-year period (2012–2021) within the Scopus database was conducted using the keyword “Analytic Network Process” in articles indexed in the following two categories: (1) Business, Management and Accounting, and (2) Economics, Econometrics and Finance. Further analysis using a citation-based graph and contingency analysis approaches was performed to identify usage trends. Our findings indicate that the most common ANP applications are with sustainable supply chain management and business evaluation frameworks. There is also a trend of applications engaging stakeholders in the decision-making process. Finally, it was found that the ANP is most commonly used as part of a multicriteria multi-method (a method followed by others) or integrated decision-making (hybridization of methods) approach rather than alone. The most common use (>80%) of the ANP is as part of a multi-method or integrated method with other tools such as DEMATEL, which suggests these approaches, in particular integrated ones (>50%), are becoming the preferred method of analysis to simplify the ANP process. From a practical point of view, it was found that the ANP is particularly utilized in sustainable projects to facilitate the participation of various stakeholders. This is the first focused review of the use of the ANP in the areas of economics, finance and management with an emphasis on its application as well as its contingent factors. Also, representative studies have been highlighted in each area. Traditional reviews have not delved deeply into the areas and contingent factors that this study explores. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Pumping resources: the new groundwater tariff in Peru and its contribution to water supply infrastructure funding(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2026-05-01)Aquifers are natural sources of resilience to seasonal drought and extreme weather events, and yet, in many parts of the world, they face the threat of over extraction and depletion. In 2015, Peru implemented a new regime in which water utility companies can assume the responsibility for groundwater monitoring and management, benefiting individuals, businesses, and industries extracting groundwater through wells. In return for this service, the water utility company can charge them a tariff, calculated by the water and sanitation regulator. The tariff calculation includes the financial costs of monitoring water levels and recharging aquifers, but also enables the recovery of part of the investments that were deployed to supply drinking water to the city, considering that they indirectly benefit groundwater extractors by contributing to availability of water in aquifers. This is an innovative approach that allows to account for externalities in water pricing, avoiding that piped water customers inadvertently subsidize groundwater extractors. The paper analyzes the case of Lima, where revenues coming from groundwater extractors make an important contribution to infrastructure funding. The estimations indicate that, under a counterfactual scenario where no groundwater regime exists and water customers must bear the entire burden of water infrastructure projects, there would be an average tariff increase of 9.7%. The results of this paper are significant in a context where policy debate in infrastructure service transitions from a model reliant solely on customer tariffs to one incorporating complementary mechanisms to recover not only financial but also environmental and resource costs. By documenting this successful experience, the paper quantifies the capacity of innovative mechanisms to capture the value generated by infrastructure projects, while contributing to sustainable groundwater abstraction and affordable water services.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Finance and women's well-being: a literature review(Cogent OA, 2025-01-01)The number of studies on finance, well-being, and women has increased in recent years. At a practical level, organizations seek to develop financial products for women. However, no study consolidates these findings for a better understanding of the theoretical and practical implications. This study offers a rigorous literature review in two stages. The first one is quantitative, through a bibliometric analysis on the relevant scientific-based literature validated by researchers such as Web of Science, Scopus and Dimensions, and supported on Bibliometrix. The second stage is qualitative, conducted through an interpretivist approach and that involved a description of terms, construction of content maps and relationships between terms, divergent interpretations and coding that led to a final concept map presentation. The main findings revolve around the great limitation that women still have to access financial literacy, particularly in emerging countries. It is suggested to create mechanisms and policies that reduce the gaps between men and women and allow the latter to better manage their finances for greater independence. Furthermore, these must be aimed at generating greater well-being that goes beyond the financial and that is not only carried out for particular interests.1